Which is not a differential diagnosis for tetanus?
- A. strychnine poisoning
- B. dystonic reactions
- C. quinsy
- D. rabies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tetanus mimics strychnine, dystonia, rabies flex muscles; cyanide gasps, quinsy's throat, not spasms. Nurses sift this chronic stiffness list.
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On a population level, differences can be observed between the body composition of people with and people without a disturbed glucose tolerance. Question: Which of the following options describes the body composition of overweight people with a disturbed glucose tolerance compared to that of healthy people without overweight?
- A. More adipose tissue and similar muscle mass
- B. More adipose tissue and less muscle mass
- C. More adipose tissue and more muscle mass
- D. More adipose tissue and less muscle mass, including a change in the ratio of different types of muscle fibres
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucose tolerance tanks overweight pile fat, lose muscle, not same or more, no fibre shift specifics. Nurses see this, a chronic lean loss.
Which of the following would predispose a client to mitral stenosis?
- A. Obesity
- B. Rheumatic fever
- C. Intravenous drug use
- D. Diabetes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mitral stenosis narrows the valve rheumatic fever's scarring, from streptococcal aftermath, is the prime culprit, stiffening leaflets over years. Obesity, IV drug use (tied to endocarditis), or diabetes don't directly scar valves. Nurses link rheumatic history to this, watching for dyspnea or murmurs, a legacy of infection shaping this cardiac bottleneck.
What is an implementation intention?
- A. The decision of an organisation to implement a specific method or intervention
- B. A concrete plan to show particular behaviour in specific situations
- C. A well-considered idea of how a person can handle a relapse or difficult situations
- D. The intention to live healthier in all important areas of life
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Implementation intention specific act, set scene, not org moves, relapse plans, or vague health kicks. Nurses cue this, a chronic action lock.
Which condition assessed by the nurse would be an early warning sign of childhood cancer?
- A. Difficulty swallowing
- B. Frequent cough or hoarseness
- C. Change in bowel and bladder habits
- D. Swellings, lumps or masses anywhere on the body
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Childhood cancers often present with subtle, non-specific signs, but swellings, lumps, or masses anywhere on the body are a key early warning, indicating possible tumors like leukemia (lymphadenopathy), Wilms tumor, or sarcomas. Nurses must assess these palpable abnormalities, as they prompt urgent diagnostic workup imaging or biopsy to catch cancer early when treatment is most effective. Difficulty swallowing might suggest esophageal or brain tumors but isn't a common early childhood cancer sign. Frequent cough or hoarseness could indicate adult cancers (e.g., lung) or late-stage disease, not typical pediatric onset. Bowel and bladder changes are more adult-specific (e.g., colorectal cancer) or late effects in children. Lumps' prominence in pediatric guidelines underscores their priority, aligning with nursing's role in early detection to improve survival rates in young patients.
The physician tells the patient that there will be an initial course of treatment with continued maintenance treatments and ongoing observation for signs and symptoms over a prolonged period of time. You can help the patient by reinforcing that the primary goal for this type of treatment is:
- A. Cure
- B. Control
- C. Palliation
- D. Permanent remission
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The physician's plan initial treatment, maintenance, and long-term monitoring suggests a chronic cancer unamenable to cure, aiming instead to control growth and spread. Control stabilizes disease, extending life and quality, unlike cure, which eradicates cancer, or permanent remission, implying no recurrence both unfeasible here. Palliation focuses on symptom relief, not longevity, misaligning with ongoing treatments. Reinforcing control clarifies expectations, reducing anxiety by framing therapy as proactive management, not defeat. Nurses bolster this by explaining observation's role in adjusting care, aligning patient understanding with realistic goals, vital for adherence and emotional resilience in prolonged cancer battles.