Nokea
Which is the CORRECT myotome?
- A. S1 supplies hip abduction
- B. ?
- C. L3, 4 causes knee extension
- D. ?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The L3 and L4 nerve roots innervate the quadriceps muscles, which are responsible for knee extension. This is important in assessing lumbar nerve root function.
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Which of these physiological changes would not be considered part of the sympathetic fight-or-flight response?
- A. increased heart rate
- B. increased sweating
- C. dilated pupils
- D. increased stomach motility
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: increased stomach motility. In the sympathetic fight-or-flight response, the body prioritizes blood flow to essential organs and muscles, leading to decreased activity in non-essential functions like digestion (stomach motility). This is to conserve energy for immediate action. Increased heart rate, sweating, and dilated pupils are all part of the fight-or-flight response as they prepare the body for quick action and heightened awareness.
A 78-year-old woman has a physiologic change related to aging in her joints. What is an appropriate nursing intervention related to common changes of aging in the musculoskeletal system?
- A. Encourage rest to eliminate fatigue
- B. Provide all care for the patient to ensure that care is completed
- C. Encourage eating enough calories to avoid the risk for impaired skin integrity
- D. Have the patient exercise to maintain muscle strength and avoid the risk for falls
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Exercise helps maintain strength and balance.
When the nursing student asks the RN what an arthroplasty is, what is the best description the RN can give the student?
- A. Surgical fusion of a joint to relieve pain
- B. Correction of bone deformity by removal of a wedge or slice of bone
- C. Reconstruction or replacement of a joint to relieve pain and correct deformity
- D. Used in rheumatoid arthritis to remove the tissue involved in joint destruction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Arthroplasty reconstructs or replaces the joint.
The nurse will document which reflex is present when there is dorsiflexion of the great toe with fanning of other toes?
- A. Brudzinski
- B. Babinski (damage to the corticospinal tracts)
- C. Trousseaus
- D. Kernigs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Babinski reflex, characterized by dorsiflexion of the great toe and fanning of the other toes, is abnormal in adults and indicates damage to the corticospinal tract. This reflex is normal in infants but disappears as the nervous system matures. Its presence in adults suggests neurological pathology.
A patient has an atherosclerotic plaque in the middle cerebral artery. What does the nurse recognize about this patient's situation?
- A. Assessment will reveal distended jugular veins.
- B. Cerebral circulation may be maintained through the circle of Willis.
- C. The patient will develop a loss of temporal and parietal lobe function.
- D. Increased pressure in the middle cerebral artery will back up into the vertebral arteries.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The circle of Willis can maintain cerebral circulation if one artery is compromised.