Nokea
Which is the most appropriate intervention for a 3-month-old infant who has gastroesophageal reflux?
- A. Position the infant in the crib on his or her abdomen, with the head elevated.
- B. Administer medication as ordered to stimulate the pyloric sphincter.
- C. Give thin rice cereal with formula before feeding solid foods.
- D. Place the infant in an infant seat after feedings.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prone positioning with the head elevated reduces intraabdominal pressure and helps manage gastroesophageal reflux.
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Which food would the nurse recommend to include in the child's diet?
- A. Cooked vegetables
- B. Pretzels
- C. Whole-grain cereal
- D. Yogurt
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Whole-grain cereal, a high-roughage food, helps alleviate constipation by promoting bowel movements.
Which statement by a mother may indicate a cause of her son's vitamin C deficiency?
- A. We get our fruits from homemade preserves.'
- B. We use milk from our own goats.'
- C. We grow all our own vegetables.'
- D. We're not big meat eaters.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Heating fruits for preserves destroys vitamin C, leading to deficiency.
What would the nurse expect the parents to report?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Projectile vomiting
- C. Poor appetite
- D. Constipation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Projectile vomiting is a hallmark symptom of pyloric stenosis due to obstruction at the pyloric sphincter.
Which statement made by a parent alerts the nurse to the need for additional education about poison prevention?
- A. I keep the poison control center phone number easily accessible.'
- B. All medication is kept out of reach in a locked cabinet.'
- C. I keep a bottle of syrup of ipecac handy.'
- D. Our garden is free from marigolds.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Keeping syrup of ipecac is outdated; the AAP recommends against it due to risks of uncontrolled vomiting.
What description of a child's stool characteristic leads the nurse to suspect intussusception?
- A. Currant jelly
- B. Black and tarry
- C. Green liquid
- D. Greasy and foul-smelling
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Currant jelly stools, consisting of blood and mucus, are indicative of intussusception due to intestinal obstruction.