Nokea
Which is the most common cause of anemia in preterm newborns?
- A. Frequent blood sampling
- B. Respiratory distress syndrome
- C. Meconium aspiration syndrome
- D. Persistent pulmonary hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most common cause of anemia in preterm newborns is frequent blood sampling. Preterm infants are often subject to numerous blood tests for various reasons such as monitoring oxygen and blood gas levels, assessing bilirubin levels, infection screening, and more. These repeated blood withdrawals lead to a loss of red blood cells and can contribute to the development of anemia in preterm infants. Anemia in preterm newborns can have significant consequences, including impaired growth and development, delayed hospital discharge, and the potential need for blood transfusions. Therefore, minimizing unnecessary blood sampling and utilizing non-invasive monitoring methods whenever possible are key strategies in preventing and managing anemia in preterm newborns.
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A female client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receives family-planning counseling. Which statement about safer sex practices for persons with HIV is accurate?
- A. If the client and her sexual partners are HIV positive, unprotected sex is permitted
- B. A latex condom with spermicide provides the best protection against HIV transmission during sexual intercourse
- C. Contraceptive methods like birth control pills, implants, and injections are recommended to prevent HIV transmission
- D. The intrauterine device is recommended for a client with HIV
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A latex condom with spermicide provides the best protection against HIV transmission during sexual intercourse. Safer sex practices for persons with HIV involve using condoms consistently and correctly during every sexual encounter to reduce the risk of HIV transmission to partners, regardless of their HIV status. Spermicide, while offering additional protection against pregnancies, does not provide additional protection against HIV transmission. Other contraceptive methods like birth control pills, implants, and injections are not effective in preventing HIV transmission. The intrauterine device is also not specifically recommended for clients with HIV as it does not provide protection against HIV transmission during sexual activities.
Which of the ff. nursing actions prepares a patient for a lumbar puncture?
- A. Administering enemas until clear
- B. Positioning the patient on his or her side
- C. Removing all metal jewelry
- D. Removing the patient's dentures
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Positioning the patient on their side is a critical nursing action that prepares a patient for a lumbar puncture. This position is usually used during the procedure to allow easier access to the lumbar region. Placing the patient on their side helps provide better visualization of the spinal landmarks and facilitates the correct positioning of the needle for the lumbar puncture. This position also helps minimize the risk of complications and ensures the safety and comfort of the patient during the procedure. Administering enemas until clear, removing all metal jewelry, and removing the patient's dentures are not specifically associated with preparing a patient for a lumbar puncture.
Veronica's parents were told that their daughter needs ribavirin (Virazole). This drug is used to treat which of the following?
- A. Cystic fibrosis
- B. Otitis media
- C. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- D. Bronchitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ribavirin (Virazole) is an antiviral medication used to treat severe cases of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants, young children, and immunocompromised individuals. RSV is a common virus that causes respiratory infections in people of all ages, but it can be particularly severe in young children and individuals with weakened immune systems. Ribavirin works by preventing the virus from replicating and spreading further in the body, helping to reduce the severity and duration of RSV infection. It is not used to treat cystic fibrosis, otitis media, or bronchitis.
A nurse is assessing a preterm newborn. Which assessment findings are consistent with prematurity? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Abundant lanugo over the body
- B. Ear cartilage soft and pliable
- C. Flexed body posture
- D. Deep creases on the sole of the foot
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Abundant lanugo over the body: Premature newborns often have abundant lanugo, which is fine, soft hair covering their bodies. This is a common characteristic of prematurity as the baby has not had enough time to shed this hair before birth.
A client hyperparathyroidism declines surgery and is to receive hormone replacement therapy with estrogen and progesterone. Which of the following instructions would be most important to include in the client's teaching plan?
- A. maintain a moderate exercise
- B. Lose weight
- C. Jog at least 2 miles per day
- D. Rest as much as possible
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most important instruction to include in the client's teaching plan would be to maintain a moderate exercise routine (Option A). Regular physical activity is important for overall health, including helping to maintain bone health and strength. This is particularly crucial for individuals with hyperparathyroidism who are declining surgery and opting for hormone replacement therapy, as exercise can help to support bone density and reduce the risk of fractures. However, it is essential to emphasize that the exercise should be moderate and appropriate for the individual's current fitness level, as excessive exercise can have negative effects on bone health in this population.