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Which is true of the PDR?
- A. It contains only one index, so you must know the generic name of a drug to look it up.
- B. It is written specifically for nurses and includes topics for patient teaching.
- C. It contains colored pictures of many drugs in the Product Identification Section.
- D. It contains medication chemical composition, indications for use, contraindications, warnings, routes, and administration guidelines.
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: The PDR includes a Product Identification Section with colored pictures and detailed drug information, but it is not nurse-specific or limited to one index.
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The oral route of medication administration includes
- A. Sublingual and buccal medicines.
- B. Inhalants and mists.
- C. Ointments and patches.
- D. Eye and ear drops.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sublingual and buccal medications are administered through the mouth, qualifying as oral routes, whereas the others involve different administration methods.
Schedule II drugs
- A. Have a high potential for abuse.
- B. Must be counted and accounted for.
- C. Have no medicinal purpose.
- D. Include morphine, codeine, oxycodone, and meperidine.
- E. Must be kept under double lock.
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Schedule II drugs have a high abuse potential, include medications like morphine and oxycodone, require strict accounting, and are often stored under double lock due to their controlled status.
You are caring for a patient who is taking valproic acid (Depakote) to prevent seizure activity. The therapeutic blood level of this medication is 50 to 100 g/mL. The patient's laboratory results show a level of 108 g/mL. The medication is ordered to be administered orally at 9:00 a.m. You are caring for this patient, and it is 8:00 a.m. What will you do?
- A. Give the medication as ordered; the blood level is only slightly elevated and the health-care provider will see it when making rounds later.
- B. Hold the medication until the health-care provider sees the patient next; then you can ask whether to continue giving the medication.
- C. Give the medication as ordered; administer one aspirin with it to bind some of the drug.
- D. Hold the medication; notify the health-care provider of the blood level and obtain orders regarding the administration of the medication.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A supratherapeutic level of valproic acid risks toxicity. Holding the medication and notifying the provider ensures patient safety.
Which patient is most likely to have a drug reaction?
- A. A patient with kidney failure who is on dialysis
- B. A patient who is more physically active than the average person
- C. A patient with no known drug allergies (NKDA)
- D. A patient who has never had a reaction to a medicine in the past
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients with kidney failure have impaired drug clearance, increasing the risk of drug accumulation and reactions.
A pharmaceutical company has developed a new medicine that was costly to create. How will the company be compensated for the cost of their research and development?
- A. They will set the price of the medication very high to allow rebates from insurance companies.
- B. They will be awarded money from the government for developing a new medicine.
- C. They will get a portion of the payments that other companies receive when they sell the drug.
- D. They will be allowed to sell the medication with no competition for approximately 10 years.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pharmaceutical companies are granted patents, allowing exclusive sales rights for a period (typically around 10-20 years), enabling them to recoup research and development costs without competition.