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Which is true of UTIs in children?
- A. They are very common, second only to respiratory infections.
- B. The symptoms are the same as those seen in adults.
- C. They occur more often in boys than in girls.
- D. They may cause a toilet-trained child to have accidents.
- E. They may cause poor feeding, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: UTIs are common in children, can cause accidents in toilet-trained children, and may present with nonspecific symptoms like poor feeding, vomiting, and diarrhea.
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If a patient had an order to discontinue a catheter the day after surgery, under what circumstances might you consider delaying doing so until you talk with the physician?
- A. If the patient complained of burning or discomfort because of the catheter
- B. If the patient's output is greater than 50 mL/hr
- C. If the patient's output is less than 30 mL/hr
- D. If the patient's urine is dark amber
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: Low urine output (<30 mL/hr) or dark amber urine may indicate inadequate kidney function or dehydration, warranting consultation before catheter removal.
After discontinuing an indwelling urinary catheter, what should you assess for?
- A. Swelling and discharge from the urinary meatus
- B. Whether the patient has voided within 8 hours
- C. Temporary decrease in urine output
- D. Temporary urge incontinence
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Assessing for voiding within 8 hours ensures the patient can urinate naturally, and temporary urge incontinence is common after catheter removal.
Your patient has stress incontinence. Which of the following statements represent recommended treatment for this problem?
- A. Suggest the patient wear incontinence pads in a comfortable style with adequate absorbency.
- B. Tell the patient that there are medications available to help with stress incontinence and that the doctor will discuss them with her.
- C. Tell the patient to avoid abdominal exercises, which can cause stress incontinence.
- D. Tell the patient about Kegel exercises.
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: Incontinence pads manage symptoms, and Kegel exercises strengthen pelvic floor muscles to treat stress incontinence.
What is the minimum acceptable hourly urine output?
- A. 15 mL
- B. 30 mL
- C. 60 mL
- D. 90 mL
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The minimum acceptable hourly urine output is 30 mL to indicate adequate kidney function.
Under what circumstances is it appropriate to use an indwelling catheter in a long-term care setting?
- A. If the patient has a stage I or stage II pressure ulcer
- B. If the patient has a stage III or stage IV pressure ulcer
- C. If the patient is continuously incontinent of urine and is at risk for pressure ulcers
- D. If the patient has a terminal illness
- E. If the patient has a severe impairment such that positioning and clothing changes are painful
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Indwelling catheters are appropriate for severe incontinence risking pressure ulcers, terminal illness, or when positioning causes significant pain.