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Which laboratory results do you need to check for a patient to whom you are giving furosemide, a loop diuretic?
- A. Hemoglobin
- B. White blood cell count
- C. Urinalysis
- D. Potassium level
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Furosemide can cause potassium loss, so monitoring potassium levels is critical to prevent hypokalemia.
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An older adult, or senior, with cardiac disease such as heart failure is at risk for fluid-volume overload. Which of the following interventions might be appropriate?
- A. Provide some coffee or tea as part of daily fluid intake.
- B. Restrict fluids.
- C. Increase salt intake.
- D. Monitor daily weights.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Fluid restriction and monitoring daily weights help manage fluid-volume overload in heart failure patients to prevent worsening of the condition.
Ionized calcium is needed for which of the following body functions?
- A. Delivery of glucose into the cells
- B. Transmission of electrical impulses along nerve pathways
- C. Normal oxygen saturation
- D. Normal bowel function
- E. Muscle contraction and relaxation
Correct Answer: B,E
Rationale: Ionized calcium is essential for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction/relaxation.
ANF is another hormone that affects the body's water level. Which of the following statements regarding ANF are accurate?
- A. ANF's production is signaled when baroreceptors detect abnormally low pressure, meaning that blood volume is too low.
- B. ANF inhibits renin production by the kidneys.
- C. ANF causes sodium to be retained by the kidneys.
- D. The end result of ANF increases water loss through the kidneys.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) inhibits renin production, promoting sodium and water excretion, which increases water loss through the kidneys.
Which of the following signs and symptoms may point toward a fluid-volume excess?
- A. Elevated blood pressure
- B. Clear lung fields
- C. Weight gain
- D. Edema of extremities
- E. Crackles in lungs
- F. Respiratory rate of 20 per minute
- G. Decrease in pulse volume
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Signs of fluid-volume excess include elevated blood pressure, weight gain, edema, and crackles in lungs due to fluid accumulation.
A patient who consumes a diet that is deficient in vitamin D may be at risk for deficiency of which of the following?
- A. Calcium
- B. Potassium
- C. Phosphorus
- D. Magnesium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin D deficiency impairs calcium absorption, increasing the risk of calcium deficiency.