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Which lifestyle change should the nurse suggest to improve fertility for both partners?
- A. Increase protein intake significantly.
- B. Exercise rigorously every day.
- C. Maintain a balanced diet and healthy weight.
- D. Reduce water consumption to avoid bloating.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Maintain a balanced diet and healthy weight. This suggestion is crucial for improving fertility as it promotes overall health, hormonal balance, and reproductive function in both partners. A balanced diet provides essential nutrients for reproductive health, while maintaining a healthy weight reduces the risk of infertility related to obesity or underweight. Option A is incorrect as excessive protein intake can negatively impact fertility. Option B is incorrect as excessive rigorous exercise may disrupt hormonal balance and affect fertility. Option D is incorrect as proper hydration is essential for reproductive health and reducing water consumption is not recommended for fertility improvement.
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What is a typical characteristic of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affecting fertility?
- A. Regular ovulation.
- B. Increased androgen levels.
- C. Reduced ovarian size.
- D. High levels of estrogen throughout the cycle.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased androgen levels. In PCOS, there is often an imbalance in hormone levels, including increased androgens like testosterone. This can disrupt normal ovulation and affect fertility. Regular ovulation (choice A) is typically not seen in PCOS. Reduced ovarian size (choice C) is not a typical characteristic, as ovaries can actually be enlarged in PCOS due to multiple small cysts. High levels of estrogen throughout the cycle (choice D) is not a defining feature of PCOS, as estrogen levels can vary in affected individuals. Ultimately, the increased androgen levels in PCOS are a key factor contributing to fertility issues in affected individuals.
A couple has just seen a genetic specialist regarding genetic anomalies of their infant. The specialist has ordered a karyotype to be performed. What should the nurse inform the couple about karyotyping?
- A. Karyotyping will reveal if your infant's head is growing appropriately.
- B. Karyotyping will reveal if your baby will develop normally.
- C. Karyotyping will provide information about the number and structure of the chromosomes.
- D. Karyotyping will detect any present or future physical deformities your infant has or may have.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Karyotyping involves analyzing an individual's chromosomes to identify any abnormalities.
2. It provides information about the number and structure of chromosomes, which can indicate genetic disorders.
3. This information is crucial for diagnosing genetic conditions and predicting possible health outcomes.
4. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as karyotyping does not assess growth, development, or physical deformities directly.
During fertility counseling, a patient asks about the impact of smoking on reproductive health. What should the nurse explain?
- A. Smoking has no significant effect on fertility.
- B. Smoking reduces fertility by impairing egg quality and sperm motility.
- C. Smoking enhances the effectiveness of fertility medications.
- D. Smoking affects only male fertility.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Smoking reduces fertility by impairing egg quality and sperm motility. Nicotine and other harmful chemicals in cigarettes can damage reproductive organs and decrease the chances of conception. Smoking has been linked to decreased ovarian reserve in women and decreased sperm quality in men. Choice A is incorrect because smoking does have a significant negative effect on fertility. Choice C is incorrect as smoking does not enhance the effectiveness of fertility medications; in fact, it can reduce their effectiveness. Choice D is incorrect because smoking affects both male and female fertility, not just male fertility.
A patient and her husband have just been told their unborn child has Down syndrome. The patient's husband becomes upset, stating, 'There is no way this can be possible as we have no one in the family with this problem! You must run the test again because the results cannot be correct.' What does the husband's behavior represent?
- A. Denial
- B. Sorrow
- C. Anger
- D. Bargaining
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Denial. The husband's behavior of refusing to accept the test results and requesting them to be run again indicates denial. Denial is a common defense mechanism where individuals reject reality to avoid facing uncomfortable truths. The husband's disbelief due to lack of family history reflects denial in coping with the unexpected news. Sorrow (B), Anger (C), and Bargaining (D) are not applicable in this context as the husband's reaction does not demonstrate sadness, hostility, or attempts to negotiate a different outcome.
An infertility specialist is evaluating whether a woman's cervical mucus contains enough estrogen to support sperm motility. Which of the following tests is the physician conducting?
- A. Ferning capacity.
- B. Basal body temperature.
- C. Culposcopy.
- D. Hysterotomy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ferning capacity evaluates the presence of fern-like patterns in cervical mucus, indicating sufficient estrogen.