Nokea
Which manifestation suggests that an infant is developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)?
- A. Faster absorption of orogastric feedings.
- B. Bloody diarrhea.
- C. Increased bowel sounds.
- D. Hunger before feeding.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bloody diarrhea is a key sign of NEC, indicating intestinal injury.
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Many factors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients may affect the prognosis. Which of the following carries the worst outcome?
- A. elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level
- B. advanced disease
- C. extensive cervical lymph node involvement
- D. evidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated LDH levels are strongly associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis.
Mr. Reyes is extremely confused. The nurse provide new information slowly and in small amounts because;
- A. Confusion or delirium can be a defense against further stress
- B. Destruction of brain cells has occurred, interrupting mental activity
- C. Teaching based on information progressing from the simple to the complex
- D. A minimum of information should be given, since he is unaware of surrounding
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Providing new information slowly and in small amounts to a confused individual, like Mr. Reyes, is important because confusion or delirium can be a defense mechanism against further stress. By giving information gradually, it allows the individual to better absorb and process the information without becoming overwhelmed, which can further exacerbate their confusion. This approach also helps reduce the risk of causing additional stress or agitation in the individual, thus promoting a more conducive environment for cognitive processing and understanding.
The LEAST important advice for a 2-month-old baby with excessive crying is
- A. master the situation in relaxed manner
- B. adhere to precry cues
- C. change milk formula
- D. avoid sensory overstimulation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Changing formula may not address refusal due to developmental factors.
Regarding the physical growth of middle childhood (6-11 yr), all are true EXCEPT
- A. 3-3.5 kg weight increment/yr
- B. 6-7 cm height increment/yr
- C. brain myelinization stops by 8 yr
- D. deciduous tooth falls by 6 yr
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Brain myelinization continues beyond 8 years.
A patient with a history of endocarditis is undergoing a bowel resection. The nurse explains that the prophylactic antibiotics prevent which of the following?
- A. Endocarditis c.Vegetative emboli
- B. Peritonitis
- C. Inflammation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prophylactic antibiotics are given to prevent the recurrence or complications of endocarditis in patients with a history of the condition. Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. One of the serious complications of endocarditis is the formation of vegetative emboli, which are clusters of bacteria and fibrin that can break off and travel through the bloodstream, potentially causing blockages in various organs. By preventing endocarditis, the antibiotics also help reduce the risk of vegetative emboli formation during surgical procedures or other situations where bacteria may enter the bloodstream. Therefore, the nurse's explanation to the patient about the prophylactic antibiotics is focused on preventing complications related to endocarditis, including the formation of vegetative emboli.