Nokea
Which mode of action has insulin in muscles?
- A. Decrease glucose absorption
- B. Decrease glycolysis
- C. Enhance glycolysis
- D. Decrease amino acid absorption
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin enhances glycolysis in muscles by increasing glucose uptake and utilization.
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Art is a 55-year-old smoker who has been diagnosed with angina and placed on nitrates. He complains of headaches after using his nitrate. An appropriate reply might be:
- A. This is a parasympathetic response to the vasodilating effects of the drug.
- B. Headaches are common side effects with these drugs. How severe are they?
- C. This is associated with your smoking. Let's work on having you stop smoking.
- D. This is not related to your medication. Are you under a lot of stress?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Headaches are a common nitrate side effect due to vasodilation.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (Gardasil, Cervarix):
- A. Is a live virus vaccine that provides immunity to six strains of HPV virus
- B. Has a common adverse effect of syncope within 15 minutes of giving the vaccine
- C. Should not be given to males younger than age 12 years
- D. May be given to pregnant women
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: HPV vaccine commonly causes syncope post-injection; it's not live , is approved for males 9+ , and is avoided in pregnancy .
Which name identifies a drug listed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?
- A. Brand
- B. Nonproprietary
- C. Official
- D. Trademark
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The official name is the name under which a drug is listed by the FDA. The brand name, or trademark, is the name given to a drug by its manufacturer. The nonproprietary, or generic, name is provided by the United States Adopted Names Council.
A 35-year-old woman has Graves' disease, a small goiter, and symptoms that are deemed 'mild-to-moderate.' Propylthiouracil is prescribed. Which of the following is the most serious adverse response to this drug, for which close monitoring is required?
- A. Agranulocytosis
- B. Cholestatic jaundice
- C. Gout
- D. Renal tubular necrosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Agranulocytosis is a severe, potentially fatal side effect of propylthiouracil requiring close monitoring due to its impact on white blood cell production.
Under new U.S. Food and Drug Administration labeling, Pregnancy Categories will be:
- A. Strengthened with a new coding such as C+ or C- to discern when a drug is more or less toxic to the fetus
- B. Changed to incorporate a pregnancy risk summary and clinical considerations on the drug label
- C. Eliminated, and replaced with a link to the National Library of Medicine TOXNET Web site for in-depth information regarding pregnancy concerns
- D. Clarified to include information such as safe dosages in each trimester of pregnancy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: FDA replaced categories with risk summaries and clinical considerations for clearer, narrative-based guidance, effective 2015.