The use of information technology for quality improvement in pharmacotherapeutics includes:
- A. Incorporating the use of 'apps' into all patient encounters
- B. Tracking data trends within the practice via the electronic health record database
- C. Informing patients that they have access to their medication list via the Internet
- D. Using macros for individualizing patient care management
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tracking data trends in EHRs supports quality improvement in pharmacotherapeutics.
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Art is a 55-year-old smoker who has been diagnosed with angina and placed on nitrates. He complains of headaches after using his nitrate. An appropriate reply might be:
- A. This is a parasympathetic response to the vasodilating effects of the drug.
- B. Headaches are common side effects with these drugs. How severe are they?
- C. This is associated with your smoking. Let's work on having you stop smoking.
- D. This is not related to your medication. Are you under a lot of stress?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Headaches are a common nitrate side effect due to vasodilation.
During what phase of the nursing process would the nurse be required to consider the efficacy of nursing interventions related to drug therapy?
- A. Assessment
- B. Nursing diagnosis
- C. Interventions
- D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Evaluation assesses the effectiveness of interventions, including drug therapy outcomes, to determine if goals are met.
An important concept taught by the nurse when providing medication teaching is the need to provide a complete list of medications taken to health care providers to avoid what?
- A. Spending large amounts of money on medications
- B. Allergic reactions to medications
- C. Drug-drug interactions
- D. Critical concentrations of medications in the body
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is important that all health care providers have a complete list of the patient's medications to avoid drug-drug interactions caused by one provider ordering a medication, unaware of another medication the patient is taking that could interact with the new prescription. Using the same pharmacist for all prescriptions will also help to prevent this from happening. Informing the provider of all medications taken will not reduce costs of medications, which is best accomplished by requesting generic medications. Allergies should be disclosed to all health care providers as well, but this is not why it is important to provide a complete list of medications taken. Critical concentrations are desirable because that is the amount of drug needed to cause a therapeutic effect, or, in other words, to have the effect the drug is prescribed for.
The mean weight of 500 college students is 70 kg and the standard deviation is 3 kg. Assuming that the weight is normally distributed, determine how many students weigh 64 kg or less.
- A. 5
- B. 11
- C. 15
- D. 20
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: P(X ≤ 64) equals P(X < 64) in a continuous distribution since P(X=64) = 0. From the previous calculation, P(Z < -2) ≈ 0.0228, so 0.0228 * 500 ≈ 11, consistent with the document.
There is evidence that dietary supplementation or adequate intake of fish oils and omega-3 fatty acids have well-documented:
- A. Concern for developing cardiac dysrhythmias
- B. Anti-inflammatory effects
- C. Total cholesterol-lowering effects
- D. Effects on fasting blood sugar
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Omega-3 fatty acids have proven anti-inflammatory effects, beneficial in cardiovascular health.
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