Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions

Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions Related

Review Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions related questions and content

Which nursing action will be included in the plan of care for a 25-yr-old male patient with a new diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

  • A. Encourage the patient to express concerns and ask questions about IBS.
  • B. Suggest that the patient increase the intake of milk and other dairy products.
  • C. Teach the patient to avoid using nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
  • D. Teach the patient about the use of alosetron (Lotronex) to reduce IBS symptoms.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Encouraging the patient to express concerns and ask questions about IBS is important for providing emotional support and promoting understanding.
Step 2: This action shows empathy and fosters a therapeutic relationship, which can help the patient cope with the new diagnosis.
Step 3: By expressing concerns and asking questions, the patient can gain knowledge about IBS and actively participate in their care.
Step 4: This approach aligns with patient-centered care principles and empowers the patient to be involved in decision-making regarding their health.

Summary:
- Option B is incorrect as increasing intake of dairy products can exacerbate IBS symptoms in some individuals.
- Option C is incorrect as avoiding NSAIDs is generally recommended for IBS patients due to potential gastrointestinal side effects.
- Option D is incorrect as alosetron is a medication with potential serious side effects and should not be the first-line treatment for IBS.

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The muscles of the esophagus squeeze the food downward using the process of:

  • A. gravity
  • B. peristalsis
  • C. rugae
  • D. chyme
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: peristalsis. Peristalsis is the coordinated, rhythmic muscle contractions that propel food through the esophagus and digestive tract. This process helps move food downward towards the stomach. Gravity (choice A) is not the primary mechanism for moving food through the esophagus. Rugae (choice C) refers to folds in the stomach lining, not muscle action in the esophagus. Chyme (choice D) is the partially digested food mixed with stomach acids and enzymes, not a process of moving food down the esophagus. Therefore, peristalsis is the correct answer as it accurately describes the muscle action involved in pushing food downward through the esophagus.

Stimulation by the parasympathetic nervous system will cause the ______ anal sphincter to ______.

  • A. external; relax
  • B. external; contract
  • C. internal; contract
  • D. internal; relax
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for promoting rest and digest functions. The internal anal sphincter is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, specifically the parasympathetic division. When stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system, the internal anal sphincter will relax, allowing for defecation to occur.

A: The external anal sphincter is under voluntary control, not affected by the parasympathetic nervous system.
B: The external anal sphincter contracts voluntarily, not influenced by the parasympathetic nervous system.
C: The internal anal sphincter contracts under sympathetic stimulation, not parasympathetic.

Which of the following is not readily absorbed in the small intestine?

  • A. Na+
  • B. Cl-
  • C. K+
  • D. Mg++
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Mg++. Magnesium is not readily absorbed in the small intestine due to its reliance on active transport mechanisms and limited absorption sites. Na+, Cl-, and K+ are all readily absorbed in the small intestine through passive or active transport processes. Na+ is mainly absorbed through active transport, Cl- through passive diffusion, and K+ through both passive and active transport mechanisms. Therefore, Mg++ stands out as it requires specific carriers for absorption, making it less readily absorbed compared to the other ions.

CCK:

  • A. increases gastric secretion.
  • B. inhibits the stomach motility.
  • C. inhibits pancreatic enzyme secretion.
  • D. increases pancreatic secretions rich in bicarbonate.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: CCK (Cholecystokinin) is released in response to the presence of fats and proteins in the small intestine.
Step 2: CCK inhibits stomach motility to allow enough time for the gallbladder to release bile.
Step 3: This slowing down of stomach motility aids in the digestion and absorption of fats.
Step 4: Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as CCK does not directly affect gastric secretion, pancreatic enzyme secretion, or increase pancreatic secretions rich in bicarbonate.

A nurse is admitting a client who was prescribed antibiotic therapy and now has a Clostridium difficile infection. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

  • A. Disinfect equipment in the client's room daily.
  • B. Place the client in a protective environment.
  • C. Use alcohol hand sanitizer after completing tasks for the client.
  • D. Have the client wear a mask when out of the room.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Disinfect equipment in the client's room daily. This is important for preventing the spread of Clostridium difficile, a highly contagious bacterium causing severe diarrhea. Disinfecting equipment helps eliminate the bacteria from the environment, reducing the risk of transmission to other individuals.

Summary of other choices:
B: Placing the client in a protective environment is unnecessary and not recommended for Clostridium difficile infection.
C: While using alcohol hand sanitizer is important for hand hygiene, disinfecting equipment is more crucial in this case.
D: Having the client wear a mask is not necessary for preventing the transmission of Clostridium difficile.

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