Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions

Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions Related

Review Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions related questions and content

The function of the gastrointestinal tract can be classified in several ways. Which of the following functions is most important for survival immediately after a meal?

  • A. Absorption and retention of water and electrolytes
  • B. Elimination of toxins
  • C. Maintenance of barrier function
  • D. Extraction of maximum value from nutrients
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Absorption and retention of water and electrolytes. Immediately after a meal, the body needs to absorb water and electrolytes to maintain proper hydration and electrolyte balance, crucial for survival. This process helps in nutrient absorption and maintaining overall body function.

Reasons for why the other choices are incorrect:
B: Elimination of toxins - While important for overall health, elimination of toxins is not the most critical function immediately after a meal for survival.
C: Maintenance of barrier function - While important for protecting against harmful substances, it is not the most vital function immediately after a meal for survival.
D: Extraction of maximum value from nutrients - While important for optimal nutrition, it is not as crucial as absorption and retention of water and electrolytes for immediate survival post-meal.

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Which information will the nurse include when teaching a patient with peptic ulcer disease about the effect of ranitidine (Zantac)?

  • A. Ranitidine absorbs the excess gastric acid.
  • B. Ranitidine decreases gastric acid secretion.
  • C. Ranitidine constricts the blood vessels near the ulcer.
  • D. Ranitidine covers the ulcer with a protective material.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Ranitidine is an H2 receptor antagonist that works by blocking the action of histamine on the stomach cells, thereby reducing gastric acid secretion. This helps in healing and preventing further damage to the ulcer. Option A is incorrect as ranitidine doesn't absorb excess gastric acid; it reduces its production. Option C is incorrect as ranitidine doesn't constrict blood vessels. Option D is incorrect as ranitidine doesn't cover the ulcer but rather decreases acid secretion to promote healing.

If you suck on a plain piece of bread, it will begin to taste sweet after a few moments. Saliva contains the digestive enzyme ______ which breaks down starch into ______.

  • A. amylase; glucose
  • B. pepsin; maltose
  • C. amylase, maltose
  • D. maltase, glucose
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: amylase, maltose. Amylase is the digestive enzyme present in saliva that breaks down starch into maltose. When you suck on bread, the amylase in saliva starts breaking down the starch molecules into maltose, which is a sugar that tastes sweet. Option A is incorrect because amylase breaks down starch into maltose, not glucose. Option B is incorrect because pepsin is a stomach enzyme that breaks down proteins, not starch. Option D is incorrect because maltase is an enzyme in the small intestine that breaks down maltose into glucose, not the enzyme present in saliva.

A nurse enters the room of a client with cramping, bloating, and flatus, as well as diarrhea and/or constipation, with or without the presence of mucus. What condition do the client's symptoms represent?

  • A. Peritonitis
  • B. Irritable bowel syndrome
  • C. Ulcerative colitis
  • D. Appendicitis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Irritable bowel syndrome. The symptoms described align with the criteria for diagnosing IBS, such as cramping, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. Peritonitis (A) is characterized by severe abdominal pain, fever, and rigidity. Ulcerative colitis (C) presents with bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. Appendicitis (D) typically causes localized right lower quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting. Therefore, based on the given symptoms, IBS is the most likely diagnosis.

The patient with a new ileostomy needs discharge teaching. What should the nurse plan to include in this teaching?

  • A. The pouch can be worn for up to 2 weeks before changing it.
  • B. Decrease the amount of fluid intake to decrease the amount of drainage.
  • C. The pouch can be removed when bowel movements have been regulated.
  • D. If leakage occurs, promptly remove the pouch, clean the skin, and apply a new pouch.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because in the event of leakage from the pouch, it is important to promptly remove it, clean the skin, and apply a new pouch to prevent skin irritation and infection. This step is crucial for maintaining skin integrity and preventing complications.

Choice A is incorrect as ileostomy pouches typically need to be changed more frequently, usually every 3-7 days, to prevent skin breakdown and odor.

Choice B is incorrect because decreasing fluid intake can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, which are especially risky for ileostomy patients who have increased fluid losses.

Choice C is incorrect because the pouch should not be removed until the stoma and bowel movements have been evaluated and regulated to ensure proper functioning.

The Kupffer cells are phagocytic cells found in the _____.

  • A. gallbladder
  • B. pancreas
  • C. intestine
  • D. liver
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: liver. Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages found in the liver, where they play a crucial role in phagocytosis and immune responses. They help remove debris, toxins, and pathogens from the blood. The other options (A: gallbladder, B: pancreas, C: intestine) are incorrect because Kupffer cells are not typically present in these organs. The liver is the main site for Kupffer cells due to its role in filtering and processing blood.

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