Nokea
Which of the following is true:
- A. Myenteric plexus controls GIT secretion.
- B. The normal concentration of bilirubin in the plasma is about 0.8 gm%.
- C. Submucosal plexus controls GIT motility.
- D. Pepsinogen activation needs Ca.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the normal concentration of bilirubin in the plasma is about 0.8 gm%, which is a commonly accepted fact in medicine. Bilirubin is a product of hemoglobin breakdown and is typically measured in the blood to assess liver function and detect certain medical conditions.
A, C, and D are incorrect:
A: Myenteric plexus controls GIT motility, not secretion.
C: Submucosal plexus controls GIT secretion, not motility.
D: Pepsinogen activation needs hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach, not calcium.
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Which of the following is not readily absorbed in the small intestine?
- A. Na+
- B. Cl-
- C. K+
- D. Mg++
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Mg++. Magnesium is not readily absorbed in the small intestine due to its reliance on active transport mechanisms and limited absorption sites. Na+, Cl-, and K+ are all readily absorbed in the small intestine through passive or active transport processes. Na+ is mainly absorbed through active transport, Cl- through passive diffusion, and K+ through both passive and active transport mechanisms. Therefore, Mg++ stands out as it requires specific carriers for absorption, making it less readily absorbed compared to the other ions.
A nurse is doing discharge teaching on a client with a colostomy. What would the nurse convey to the client regarding when is the best time to perform irrigation?
- A. After a meal.
- B. After a bowel movement.
- C. During a meal.
- D. Two hours before a meal.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Two hours before a meal. This timing allows for the colon to be relatively empty, making irrigation more effective. Irrigating two hours before a meal helps to prevent interference with digestion and absorption processes. Irrigating after a meal (choice A) or during a meal (choice C) may lead to discomfort, bloating, or potential leakage. Irrigating after a bowel movement (choice B) may not provide enough time for the colon to be adequately empty for effective irrigation.
What role do the teeth play in digestion?
- A. chemical digestion
- B. mechanical digestion
- C. enzymatic digestion
- D. absorption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: mechanical digestion. Teeth play a crucial role in breaking down food into smaller pieces through physical chewing, which is a form of mechanical digestion. This process increases the surface area of food particles, making it easier for enzymes to further break down nutrients during chemical digestion in the stomach and intestines. Choice A (chemical digestion) is incorrect because teeth do not directly participate in chemical breakdown of food. Choice C (enzymatic digestion) is incorrect as enzymes are not produced by teeth but by salivary glands and other digestive organs. Choice D (absorption) is incorrect as teeth are not involved in absorbing nutrients; absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine.
If you suck on a plain piece of bread, it will begin to taste sweet after a few moments. Saliva contains the digestive enzyme ______ which breaks down starch into ______.
- A. amylase; glucose
- B. pepsin; maltose
- C. amylase, maltose
- D. maltase, glucose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: amylase, maltose. Amylase is the digestive enzyme present in saliva that breaks down starch into maltose. When you suck on bread, the amylase in saliva starts breaking down the starch molecules into maltose, which is a sugar that tastes sweet. Option A is incorrect because amylase breaks down starch into maltose, not glucose. Option B is incorrect because pepsin is a stomach enzyme that breaks down proteins, not starch. Option D is incorrect because maltase is an enzyme in the small intestine that breaks down maltose into glucose, not the enzyme present in saliva.
Which information will the nurse include when teaching a patient with peptic ulcer disease about the effect of ranitidine (Zantac)?
- A. Ranitidine absorbs the excess gastric acid.
- B. Ranitidine decreases gastric acid secretion.
- C. Ranitidine constricts the blood vessels near the ulcer.
- D. Ranitidine covers the ulcer with a protective material.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: Ranitidine is an H2 receptor antagonist that works by blocking the action of histamine on the stomach cells, thereby reducing gastric acid secretion. This helps in healing and preventing further damage to the ulcer. Option A is incorrect as ranitidine doesn't absorb excess gastric acid; it reduces its production. Option C is incorrect as ranitidine doesn't constrict blood vessels. Option D is incorrect as ranitidine doesn't cover the ulcer but rather decreases acid secretion to promote healing.