Nokea
A nurse is assessing a client who has an obstruction of the common bile duct resulting from chronic cholecystitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Fatty stools
- B. Straw-colored urine
- C. Tenderness in the left upper abdomen
- D. Ecchymosis of the extremities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fatty stools. Common bile duct obstruction leads to inadequate bile flow into the intestines, resulting in malabsorption of fats. This causes fatty stools due to the presence of undigested fats. Straw-colored urine (B) is a normal finding. Tenderness in the left upper abdomen (C) is more indicative of splenic issues. Ecchymosis of the extremities (D) is unrelated to common bile duct obstruction.
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A nurse enters the room of a client with cramping, bloating, and flatus, as well as diarrhea and/or constipation, with or without the presence of mucus. What condition do the client's symptoms represent?
- A. Peritonitis
- B. Irritable bowel syndrome
- C. Ulcerative colitis
- D. Appendicitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Irritable bowel syndrome. The symptoms described align with the criteria for diagnosing IBS, such as cramping, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. Peritonitis (A) is characterized by severe abdominal pain, fever, and rigidity. Ulcerative colitis (C) presents with bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. Appendicitis (D) typically causes localized right lower quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting. Therefore, based on the given symptoms, IBS is the most likely diagnosis.
Hepatocytes or hepatic cells produce bile, which is secreted into the
- A. hepatic portal vein.
- B. bile canaliculi.
- C. hepatic sinusoid.
- D. lacteal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: bile canaliculi. Hepatocytes produce bile, which is then secreted into bile canaliculi within the liver. From there, bile flows into bile ducts and eventually reaches the gallbladder or small intestine. The other options are incorrect because bile is not secreted directly into the hepatic portal vein (A), hepatic sinusoid (C), or lacteal (D). The hepatic portal vein carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver, the hepatic sinusoid is a type of blood vessel within the liver, and lacteals are lymphatic vessels in the small intestine.
Priority Decision: The nurse admitting a patient for bariatric surgery obtains the following information from the patient. Which finding should be brought to the surgeon's attention before proceeding with further patient preparation?
- A. History of hypertension
- B. History of untreated depression
- C. History of multiple attempts at weight loss
- D. History of sleep apnea treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: History of untreated depression. Before proceeding with further patient preparation for bariatric surgery, it is crucial to address untreated depression as it can significantly impact the patient's mental and emotional well-being post-operatively. Untreated depression can lead to poor compliance with post-operative instructions, medication management issues, and potentially increase the risk of complications. It is essential to involve the surgeon to assess the patient's psychological readiness for surgery and ensure appropriate support and resources are in place.
Incorrect choices:
A: History of hypertension - While hypertension should be managed pre-operatively, it is not a critical factor that would require immediate attention before further preparation.
C: History of multiple attempts at weight loss - This is a common issue in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and does not pose an immediate risk that needs urgent attention.
D: History of sleep apnea treated with CPAP - While sleep apnea is a relevant consideration for bariatric surgery, the fact that it is being treated with
Which hormone stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas?
- A. Insulin
- B. Glucagon
- C. Secretin
- D. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cholecystokinin (CCK). CCK is produced in the small intestine in response to the presence of fats and proteins. It stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas to aid in digestion. Insulin (A) and Glucagon (B) are involved in regulating blood sugar levels, not digestive enzyme release. Secretin (C) primarily stimulates the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid, not digestive enzymes.
What role do the teeth play in digestion?
- A. chemical digestion
- B. mechanical digestion
- C. enzymatic digestion
- D. absorption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: mechanical digestion. Teeth play a crucial role in breaking down food into smaller pieces through physical chewing, which is a form of mechanical digestion. This process increases the surface area of food particles, making it easier for enzymes to further break down nutrients during chemical digestion in the stomach and intestines. Choice A (chemical digestion) is incorrect because teeth do not directly participate in chemical breakdown of food. Choice C (enzymatic digestion) is incorrect as enzymes are not produced by teeth but by salivary glands and other digestive organs. Choice D (absorption) is incorrect as teeth are not involved in absorbing nutrients; absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine.