Nokea
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed digoxin. Which statement by the patient indicates the need for further teaching about the medication?
- A. "I will report any changes in my pulse rate."
- B. "I should take my medication at the same time every day."
- C. "I can stop taking the medication if I feel dizzy."
- D. "I will monitor my weight weekly."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. This statement indicates a need for further teaching because stopping digoxin abruptly can be dangerous. Digoxin should not be discontinued without consulting a healthcare provider. A: Monitoring pulse rate is important as digoxin can affect heart rate. B: Consistency in timing helps maintain consistent drug levels. D: Monitoring weight is crucial as digoxin can cause fluid retention. Therefore, choice C is incorrect as it suggests a potentially harmful action.
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Hepatocytes or hepatic cells produce bile, which is secreted into the
- A. hepatic portal vein.
- B. bile canaliculi.
- C. hepatic sinusoid.
- D. lacteal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: bile canaliculi. Hepatocytes produce bile, which is then secreted into bile canaliculi within the liver. From there, bile flows into bile ducts and eventually reaches the gallbladder or small intestine. The other options are incorrect because bile is not secreted directly into the hepatic portal vein (A), hepatic sinusoid (C), or lacteal (D). The hepatic portal vein carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver, the hepatic sinusoid is a type of blood vessel within the liver, and lacteals are lymphatic vessels in the small intestine.
Priority Decision: The nurse admitting a patient for bariatric surgery obtains the following information from the patient. Which finding should be brought to the surgeon's attention before proceeding with further patient preparation?
- A. History of hypertension
- B. History of untreated depression
- C. History of multiple attempts at weight loss
- D. History of sleep apnea treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: History of untreated depression. Before proceeding with further patient preparation for bariatric surgery, it is crucial to address untreated depression as it can significantly impact the patient's mental and emotional well-being post-operatively. Untreated depression can lead to poor compliance with post-operative instructions, medication management issues, and potentially increase the risk of complications. It is essential to involve the surgeon to assess the patient's psychological readiness for surgery and ensure appropriate support and resources are in place.
Incorrect choices:
A: History of hypertension - While hypertension should be managed pre-operatively, it is not a critical factor that would require immediate attention before further preparation.
C: History of multiple attempts at weight loss - This is a common issue in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and does not pose an immediate risk that needs urgent attention.
D: History of sleep apnea treated with CPAP - While sleep apnea is a relevant consideration for bariatric surgery, the fact that it is being treated with
Which of the following is true:
- A. Myenteric plexus controls GIT secretion.
- B. The normal concentration of bilirubin in the plasma is about 0.8 gm%.
- C. Submucosal plexus controls GIT motility.
- D. Pepsinogen activation needs Ca.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the normal concentration of bilirubin in the plasma is about 0.8 gm%, which is a commonly accepted fact in medicine. Bilirubin is a product of hemoglobin breakdown and is typically measured in the blood to assess liver function and detect certain medical conditions.
A, C, and D are incorrect:
A: Myenteric plexus controls GIT motility, not secretion.
C: Submucosal plexus controls GIT secretion, not motility.
D: Pepsinogen activation needs hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach, not calcium.
Priority Decision: A patient is admitted to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain. What nursing intervention should the nurse implement first?
- A. Measurement of vital signs
- B. Administration of prescribed analgesics
- C. Assessment of the onset, location, intensity, duration, and character of the pain
- D. Physical assessment of the abdomen for distention, bowel sounds, and pigmentation changes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Assessing the onset, location, intensity, duration, and character of the pain is the priority because it helps determine the potential cause of the abdominal pain. This information guides further interventions and informs the healthcare team about the urgency of the situation.
Choice A (Measurement of vital signs) can be important but assessing the pain characteristics takes precedence as it directly informs the urgency of the situation.
Choice B (Administration of prescribed analgesics) should be delayed until the cause of the pain is identified to prevent masking symptoms that could aid in diagnosis.
Choice D (Physical assessment of the abdomen) is important but assessing the pain characteristics comes first to guide the physical assessment and subsequent interventions.
Which information will the nurse include when teaching a patient with peptic ulcer disease about the effect of ranitidine (Zantac)?
- A. Ranitidine absorbs the excess gastric acid.
- B. Ranitidine decreases gastric acid secretion.
- C. Ranitidine constricts the blood vessels near the ulcer.
- D. Ranitidine covers the ulcer with a protective material.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: Ranitidine is an H2 receptor antagonist that works by blocking the action of histamine on the stomach cells, thereby reducing gastric acid secretion. This helps in healing and preventing further damage to the ulcer. Option A is incorrect as ranitidine doesn't absorb excess gastric acid; it reduces its production. Option C is incorrect as ranitidine doesn't constrict blood vessels. Option D is incorrect as ranitidine doesn't cover the ulcer but rather decreases acid secretion to promote healing.