Nokea
Proteins are digested or broken down by the _____ in the stomach.
- A. pepsinogen
- B. pepsin
- C. hydrochloric acid
- D. lipase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: pepsin. Pepsin is an enzyme secreted by the stomach that breaks down proteins into peptides. Initially, pepsin is produced in an inactive form called pepsinogen, which is activated by the acidic environment in the stomach. Pepsin works optimally at a low pH, which is maintained by hydrochloric acid (choice C) in the stomach. Lipase (choice D) is an enzyme that breaks down fats, not proteins. So, the correct enzyme responsible for digesting proteins in the stomach is pepsin.
You may also like to solve these questions
Secretin and cholecystokinin are secreted in
- A. pyloric region
- B. Ileum
- C. duodenum
- D. Oesophagus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, duodenum. Secretin and cholecystokinin are hormones secreted by the duodenal mucosa in response to the presence of acidic chyme from the stomach entering the duodenum. Secretin stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate to neutralize the acidic chyme, while cholecystokinin stimulates the gallbladder to release bile to aid in digestion. Choices A (pyloric region), B (Ileum), and D (Oesophagus) are incorrect because secretin and cholecystokinin are not secreted in these regions of the gastrointestinal tract.
A nurse is assessing a client who has an obstruction of the common bile duct resulting from chronic cholecystitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Fatty stools
- B. Straw-colored urine
- C. Tenderness in the left upper abdomen
- D. Ecchymosis of the extremities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fatty stools. Common bile duct obstruction leads to inadequate bile flow into the intestines, resulting in malabsorption of fats. This causes fatty stools due to the presence of undigested fats. Straw-colored urine (B) is a normal finding. Tenderness in the left upper abdomen (C) is more indicative of splenic issues. Ecchymosis of the extremities (D) is unrelated to common bile duct obstruction.
During discharge instructions for a patient following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, what should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Keep the incision areas clean and dry for at least a week.
- B. Report the need to take pain medication for shoulder pain.
- C. Report any bile-colored or purulent drainage from the incisions.
- D. Expect some postoperative nausea and vomiting for a few days.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Report any bile-colored or purulent drainage from the incisions. This is important because it could indicate infection or bile leak, which are complications that need immediate medical attention. A is incorrect because incision areas should be kept clean and dry, but typically for 48 hours, not a week. B is incorrect as shoulder pain is a common referred pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and not necessarily an immediate concern. D is incorrect because while some nausea and vomiting can be expected, it should not be considered normal for days postoperatively.
Which of the following cells in the stomach secrete pepsinogen?
- A. parietal cells
- B. chief cells
- C. mucous neck cells
- D. enteroendocrine cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: chief cells. Chief cells are responsible for secreting pepsinogen in the stomach. Pepsinogen is an inactive form of pepsin, which is an enzyme that helps in protein digestion. Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid, not pepsinogen. Mucous neck cells secrete mucus to protect the stomach lining. Enteroendocrine cells secrete hormones like gastrin, but not pepsinogen. Therefore, the correct answer is B as chief cells are the specific cells that secrete pepsinogen in the stomach.
The coronary ligament attaches the
- A. liver to the diaphragm.
- B. liver to the anterior abdominal wall.
- C. colon to the posterior body wall.
- D. lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal end of the duodenum to the liver and diaphragm.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the coronary ligament attaches the liver to the diaphragm. This ligament forms part of the peritoneal ligaments that secure the liver to the diaphragm, supporting its position in the abdominal cavity. The other choices are incorrect because: B) The liver is attached to the anterior abdominal wall by the falciform ligament, not the coronary ligament. C) The colon is attached to the posterior body wall by the mesocolon, not the coronary ligament. D) The lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal end of the duodenum are attached to the liver and diaphragm by the lesser omentum, not the coronary ligament.