Nokea
The coronary ligament attaches the
- A. liver to the diaphragm.
- B. liver to the anterior abdominal wall.
- C. colon to the posterior body wall.
- D. lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal end of the duodenum to the liver and diaphragm.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the coronary ligament attaches the liver to the diaphragm. This ligament forms part of the peritoneal ligaments that secure the liver to the diaphragm, supporting its position in the abdominal cavity. The other choices are incorrect because: B) The liver is attached to the anterior abdominal wall by the falciform ligament, not the coronary ligament. C) The colon is attached to the posterior body wall by the mesocolon, not the coronary ligament. D) The lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal end of the duodenum are attached to the liver and diaphragm by the lesser omentum, not the coronary ligament.
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Priority Decision: The nurse admitting a patient for bariatric surgery obtains the following information from the patient. Which finding should be brought to the surgeon's attention before proceeding with further patient preparation?
- A. History of hypertension
- B. History of untreated depression
- C. History of multiple attempts at weight loss
- D. History of sleep apnea treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: History of untreated depression. Before proceeding with further patient preparation for bariatric surgery, it is crucial to address untreated depression as it can significantly impact the patient's mental and emotional well-being post-operatively. Untreated depression can lead to poor compliance with post-operative instructions, medication management issues, and potentially increase the risk of complications. It is essential to involve the surgeon to assess the patient's psychological readiness for surgery and ensure appropriate support and resources are in place.
Incorrect choices:
A: History of hypertension - While hypertension should be managed pre-operatively, it is not a critical factor that would require immediate attention before further preparation.
C: History of multiple attempts at weight loss - This is a common issue in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and does not pose an immediate risk that needs urgent attention.
D: History of sleep apnea treated with CPAP - While sleep apnea is a relevant consideration for bariatric surgery, the fact that it is being treated with
GIT hormones with a major effect on the stomach include the following except:
- A. Gastrin
- B. Secretin
- C. GIP
- D. Neurotensin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secretin is the correct answer because it is not a hormone that directly affects the stomach. Gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion, GIP enhances insulin release, and neurotensin regulates gastric motility. Secretin primarily targets the pancreas and liver, stimulating the release of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice. This hormone does not have a direct major effect on the stomach like the other options. Therefore, Secretin is the exception among the listed GIT hormones affecting the stomach.
Stimulation by the parasympathetic nervous system will cause the ______ anal sphincter to ______.
- A. external; relax
- B. external; contract
- C. internal; contract
- D. internal; relax
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for promoting rest and digest functions. The internal anal sphincter is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, specifically the parasympathetic division. When stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system, the internal anal sphincter will relax, allowing for defecation to occur.
A: The external anal sphincter is under voluntary control, not affected by the parasympathetic nervous system.
B: The external anal sphincter contracts voluntarily, not influenced by the parasympathetic nervous system.
C: The internal anal sphincter contracts under sympathetic stimulation, not parasympathetic.
Which information will the nurse include when teaching a patient with peptic ulcer disease about the effect of ranitidine (Zantac)?
- A. Ranitidine absorbs the excess gastric acid.
- B. Ranitidine decreases gastric acid secretion.
- C. Ranitidine constricts the blood vessels near the ulcer.
- D. Ranitidine covers the ulcer with a protective material.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: Ranitidine is an H2 receptor antagonist that works by blocking the action of histamine on the stomach cells, thereby reducing gastric acid secretion. This helps in healing and preventing further damage to the ulcer. Option A is incorrect as ranitidine doesn't absorb excess gastric acid; it reduces its production. Option C is incorrect as ranitidine doesn't constrict blood vessels. Option D is incorrect as ranitidine doesn't cover the ulcer but rather decreases acid secretion to promote healing.
Secretin and cholecystokinin are secreted in
- A. pyloric region
- B. Ileum
- C. duodenum
- D. Oesophagus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, duodenum. Secretin and cholecystokinin are hormones secreted by the duodenal mucosa in response to the presence of acidic chyme from the stomach entering the duodenum. Secretin stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate to neutralize the acidic chyme, while cholecystokinin stimulates the gallbladder to release bile to aid in digestion. Choices A (pyloric region), B (Ileum), and D (Oesophagus) are incorrect because secretin and cholecystokinin are not secreted in these regions of the gastrointestinal tract.