Nokea
Which nursing activity is most important to include in the client's care?
- A. Perform postural drainage and chest physiotherapy every 4 hours.
- B. Discuss client's feelings about the need for a living will.
- C. Place in private room to decrease the risk of further infection.
- D. Plan activities to allow at least 8 hours of uninterrupted sleep.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Postural drainage and chest physiotherapy are critical for clearing secretions and improving lung function in cystic fibrosis. Discussing a living will (B), isolation (C), and sleep planning (D) are less urgent.
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The common drugs used against TB is
- A. Para amino salicylic acid (PAS)
- B. Ethambutol
- C. Steptomycin
- D. All these
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All these." PAS, Ethambutol, and Streptomycin are all common drugs used against TB. PAS inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis, Ethambutol inhibits cell wall synthesis, and Streptomycin inhibits protein synthesis. Using a combination of these drugs helps to target different aspects of TB bacteria, reducing the likelihood of resistance development. Therefore, all of these drugs are essential in the treatment of TB, making choice D the correct answer.
Which of the following substances is activated by passage through the pulmonary circulation?
- A. Bradykinin
- B. Serotonin
- C. Noradrenaline
- D. Angiotensin 1
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Angiotensin 1. When blood passes through the pulmonary circulation, angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin 1 by the enzyme renin. This activation occurs in the lungs. Bradykinin, serotonin, and noradrenaline are not activated in the pulmonary circulation. Bradykinin is a peptide released during inflammation, serotonin is a neurotransmitter, and noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter and hormone. Therefore, D is the only substance activated by passage through the pulmonary circulation.
In describing the parts of the respiratory system, the word 'septum' designates a partition in the
- A. larynx.
- B. nasal cavities.
- C. pharynx.
- D. glottis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: nasal cavities. The term "septum" refers to a partition or dividing wall that separates two cavities. In the context of the respiratory system, the nasal septum divides the nasal cavities into left and right sides. This separation helps to regulate airflow and also provides structural support for the nasal passages.
Other choices are incorrect because:
A: The larynx is not typically associated with a septum. It is primarily responsible for vocalization and protecting the airway.
C: The pharynx is a passageway for air and food, but it does not contain a septum dividing it into distinct sections.
D: The glottis is the space between the vocal cords in the larynx and does not have a septum separating it into parts.
Which of the following sinuses are located on either side of the nose?
- A. Ethmoidal sinuses
- B. Frontal sinuses
- C. Maxillary sinuses
- D. Sphenoidal sinuses
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The maxillary sinuses are paired cavities located on either side of the nose, beneath the orbits. Ethmoidal sinuses (A) are smaller and located between the eyes. Frontal sinuses (B) are above the eyebrows. Sphenoidal sinuses (D) are deeper within the skull, behind the nasal cavity.
A nurse is caring for a male client with emphysema who is receiving oxygen. The nurse assesses the oxygen flow rate to ensure that it does not exceed:
- A. 1 L/min
- B. 2 L/min
- C. 6 L/min
- D. 10 L/min
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 2 L/min. The rationale is that in emphysema, high oxygen flow rates can cause oxygen toxicity. The recommended maximum flow rate for patients with emphysema is typically 2 L/min to prevent oxygen toxicity. Choice A (1 L/min) may not provide sufficient oxygen, choice C (6 L/min) and choice D (10 L/min) are too high and can lead to oxygen toxicity in patients with emphysema. Therefore, choice B is the most appropriate and safe option for this client.