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Which of the ff dietary recommendations should a nurse give to a client taking diuretics?
- A. Include potassium rich foods
- B. Avoid fruit and fruit juices
- C. Include protein rich foods
- D. Avoid dairy products
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diuretics are medications that help the body get rid of excess sodium and water through increased urine output. One common side effect of diuretics is the loss of potassium from the body. Therefore, it is important for clients taking diuretics to include potassium-rich foods in their diet to help maintain a healthy potassium level. Some examples of potassium-rich foods include bananas, oranges, potatoes, spinach, avocados, and tomatoes. By including these foods in their diet, clients taking diuretics can help prevent potassium deficiency and maintain overall health.
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A patient asks how to avoid lung cancer. The following are risk factors, except:
- A. Exposure to passive smoke
- B. Crowded living conditions
- C. Air pollution
- D. Diet low in fruits and vegetables
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Which interventions should the nurse implement when caring for a family of a sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) infant? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Allow parents to say goodbye to their infant.
- B. Once parents leave the hospital, no further follow-up is required.
- C. Arrange for someone to take the parents home from the hospital.
- D. Avoid requesting an autopsy of the deceased infant.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A patient was diagnosed with hiatal hernia. She frequently has regurgitation and a sour taste on his mouth especially after eating large meals. Which action by the client shows understanding of her treatment regimen?
- A. elevate her legs when she is sleeping
- B. drink more fluids with her meals
- C. increase the roughage in her diet
- D. avoid caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hiatal hernia is a condition where a part of the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm muscle. Symptoms often include regurgitation of stomach acid into the esophagus, leading to heartburn and a sour taste in the mouth. Avoiding triggers like caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate can help reduce acid reflux and alleviate symptoms. These substances can relax the lower esophageal sphincter and increase stomach acid production, worsening symptoms in patients with hiatal hernia. Therefore, avoiding caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate is a key aspect of managing hiatal hernia symptoms effectively. The other options provided do not directly address the underlying cause of the symptoms experienced by the patient with hiatal hernia.
Mr. Santos a 59-year old businessman was diagnosed with angina pectoris. The nurse understands that the cause of angina pectoris is:
- A. decrease in the alveolar surface for gas exchange
- B. inadequate supply of oxygen to the myocardium
- C. inadequate blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation
- D. increase in the alveolar surface for gas exchange
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Angina pectoris is chest pain or discomfort caused by a temporary lack of an adequate blood supply to the heart muscle (myocardium). This lack of blood supply results in a decreased supply of oxygen to the heart muscle, leading to chest pain. This condition is commonly associated with coronary artery disease, where the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked, reducing the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium. This oxygen deficit can trigger chest pain, which is characteristic of angina pectoris. Therefore, the cause of angina pectoris is the inadequate supply of oxygen to the myocardium, making option B the correct answer.
Which is an important nursing consideration when suctioning a young child who has had heart surgery?
- A. Perform suctioning at least every hour.
- B. Suction for no longer than 30 seconds at a time.
- C. Administer supplemental oxygen before and after suctioning.
- D. Expect symptoms of respiratory distress when suctioning.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Suctioning for no longer than 30 seconds at a time is an important nursing consideration when suctioning a young child who has had heart surgery. Prolonged suctioning can cause hypoxemia and decrease the child's oxygen saturation, which can be detrimental, especially in postoperative patients who may have compromised cardiopulmonary reserves. It is crucial to minimize the duration of suctioning to prevent potential complications. Additionally, hyperoxygenation before and after suctioning may help maintain adequate oxygen levels and minimize the risk of hypoxemia in these vulnerable patients.