Nokea
Which of the ff should the nurse include in the teaching plan of a client with acute bronchitis?
- A. Not coughing frequently
- B. Washing the hands frequently
- C. Consuming adequate calories
- D. Encouraging a semi-Fowler's position
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In acute bronchitis, the highest priority in the teaching plan should focus on preventing the spread of infection. Washing hands frequently can help reduce the risk of spreading the infection to others or introducing new germs that could worsen the client's condition. Proper hand hygiene is one of the most important ways to prevent the transmission of respiratory infections, like bronchitis, by reducing the number of pathogens on the hands. This measure is important not only for the client's well-being but also for the health of those in close contact with the client.
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The adolescent patient has symptoms of meningitis: nuchal rigidity, fever, vomiting, and lethargy. The nurse knows to prepare for the following test:
- A. blood culture.
- B. throat and ear culture.
- C. CAT scan.
- D. lumbar puncture.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The symptoms described (nuchal rigidity, fever, vomiting, and lethargy) suggest possible meningitis, which is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. One of the key diagnostic tests for meningitis is a lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap. During a lumbar puncture, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is collected from the space around the spinal cord and analyzed for signs of infection, inflammation, or other abnormalities. This test helps confirm or rule out a diagnosis of meningitis and identify the specific infectious agent causing the illness. Other tests, such as blood cultures, may also be done to further evaluate the infection, but a lumbar puncture is essential for diagnosing meningitis in this case.
Hepatitis C virus infection is a risk factor for which of the following malignancy?
- A. hepatoblastoma
- B. splenic lymphoma
- C. Hodgkin lymphoma
- D. nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hepatitis C is a known risk factor for splenic lymphoma and other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
Which of the following is information the nurse would be correct in giving the patient about smoking and its effect on BP?
- A. It is associated with stages 1 and 2 hypertension.
- B. It does not affect BP regulation.
- C. It vasodilates the peripheral blood vessels.
- D. It causes sustained BP elevation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Smoking is a known risk factor for hypertension. Chronic smoking leads to sustained elevation in blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction of the blood vessels, increasing heart rate, and promoting the formation of plaques in the arteries. This can contribute to the development of hypertension over time. Therefore, the nurse would be correct in informing the patient that smoking causes sustained elevation in blood pressure.
Mr. Galino is diagnosed to have Raynaud's disease. Nurse Oliver gives instructions to the client to stop smoking because it causes:
- A. cyanosis and necrosis
- B. vasoconstriction, vasospasms
- C. decreased blood oxygen content
- D. pain and tingling
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Raynaud's disease is a condition characterized by vasospasms of the small arteries, usually in the fingers and toes, in response to cold temperatures or stress. Smoking can worsen the symptoms of Raynaud's disease because it causes vasoconstriction, which is the narrowing of blood vessels. Nicotine in cigarettes can trigger vasospasms, leading to further restriction of blood flow to the extremities. Therefore, it is essential for individuals with Raynaud's disease to stop smoking to help improve blood circulation and reduce the frequency and severity of vasospasms.
a school-age child is admitted in vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis. the child's care should include which of the following?
- A. correction of acidosis.
- B. adequate hydration, pain management.
- C. pain management, administration of heparin.
- D. adequate oxygenation, replacement of factor viii
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis, it is crucial to focus on adequate hydration and pain management. Hydration is essential to prevent further sickling of red blood cells, which can exacerbate tissue damage and pain. Pain management is a key aspect of care as vaso-occlusive crises often cause severe pain that requires prompt and effective treatment. Administering heparin is not indicated in a vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis as it is primarily used for conditions like deep vein thrombosis. Correcting acidosis and replacing factor VIII are also not typically part of the management of a vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis.