Nokea
Which of the following antidiabetic agents acts on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) nuclear receptor?
- A. acarbose
- B. glyburide
- C. insulin lispro
- D. pioglitazone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that activates PPAR-gamma, enhancing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues.
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The nurse admits an older adult patient to the emergency room with reports of shortness of breath on exertion and a productive cough. The nurse reviews the patient's current medications and the patient says, I take one pink pill every morning. The nurse asks the name of the drug and the patient says she doesn't know. The patient cannot supply the name of the drug or the purpose in taking it either. This happens with four other medications the patient says she takes. What is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for this patient?
- A. Acute confusion
- B. Risk-prone health behavior
- C. Ineffective health maintenance
- D. Noncompliance
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lack of knowledge about medications indicates ineffective health maintenance, not acute confusion or noncompliance.
All nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) have an FDA Black Box Warning regarding:
- A. Potential for causing life-threatening GI bleeds
- B. Increased risk of developing systemic arthritis with prolonged use
- C. Risk of life-threatening rashes, including Stevens-Johnson
- D. Potential for transient changes in serum glucose
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: NSAIDs carry a Black Box Warning for GI bleeding risk; rashes or glucose aren't highlighted.
A 60 year old male patient with a history of postural hypotension has just been diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which ONE of the following drugs is most suitable for the management of his condition?
- A. Prazosin
- B. Terazosin
- C. Doxazosin
- D. Tamsulosin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tamsulosin, a selective alpha-1A blocker, minimizes postural hypotension compared to non-selective options.
Research has shown that when patients who are covered by Medicare Part D reach the 'donut hole' in coverage they:
- A. Ask for extra refills of medication to get them through the months of no coverage
- B. Fill their prescriptions less frequently, including critical medications such as warfarin or a statin
- C. Fill their critical medications, but hold off on filling less-critical medications
- D. Demonstrate no change in their prescription filling pattern
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patients reduce prescription filling, even for critical drugs, during the donut hole.
Success rates for smoking cessation using NRT:
- A. Are about the same regardless of the method chosen
- B. Vary from 40% to 50% at 12 months
- C. Both 1 and 2
- D. Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Success rates are similar across NRT methods (e.g., gum, patch), typically 20-25% at 12 months.