Immune System Quiz Quizlet

Immune System Quiz Quizlet Related

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Which of the following are considered desirable features for a Flu vaccine

  • A. Induction of a neutralizing antibody response
  • B. Induction of a cytotoxic T cell response
  • C. Protection against multiple strains
  • D. All of the above A, B and C
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above A, B, and C".
Step 1: Induction of a neutralizing antibody response (A) is crucial as it helps prevent the virus from infecting cells.
Step 2: Induction of a cytotoxic T cell response (B) is important to eliminate infected cells and stop the spread of the virus.
Step 3: Protection against multiple strains (C) is desirable to ensure broad coverage against different flu strains.
Combining A, B, and C in a vaccine would provide comprehensive protection against the flu by targeting different aspects of the immune response. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect individually as they each address only one aspect of a desirable flu vaccine, whereas the correct answer D encompasses all three crucial features.

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Which TLR is primarily responsible for recognizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

  • A. TLR2
  • B. TLR4
  • C. TLR5
  • D. TLR9
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: TLR4. TLR4 is primarily responsible for recognizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It forms a complex with MD-2 and CD14 to trigger downstream signaling pathways. TLR2 recognizes other microbial components such as lipoproteins. TLR5 recognizes flagellin, a component of bacterial flagella. TLR9 recognizes unmethylated CpG DNA motifs. Therefore, TLR4 is specifically involved in detecting LPS, making it the correct answer in this scenario.

What type of cells do natural killer (NK) cells target?

  • A. Bacterial cells
  • B. Virus-infected and cancerous cells
  • C. Plasma cells
  • D. Self-antigens
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Natural killer (NK) cells target virus-infected and cancerous cells because they have the ability to recognize abnormal cells through activating receptors. These cells can identify changes in surface markers associated with viral infection or cancer, leading to their destruction. NK cells do not target bacterial cells (choice A), plasma cells (choice C), or self-antigens (choice D) as these are not typically recognized as threats by the immune system. NK cells play a crucial role in immune surveillance against abnormal cells, making choice B the correct answer.

Which of the following is NOT true with respect to T cell development?

  • A. It establishes MHC restriction of the T cell repertoire
  • B. It takes place in the thymus
  • C. Thymic dendritic cells are involved
  • D. It only occurs after the naïve T cell has been activated by antigen
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because T cell development starts in the thymus while the naïve T cell activation by antigen occurs outside of the thymus. T cell development involves positive and negative selection, establishing MHC restriction, and interaction with thymic dendritic cells for maturation. Naïve T cells are activated by antigens in the periphery, not during T cell development in the thymus. Therefore, D is the correct answer as it does not align with the process of T cell development.

Where do B cells mature?

  • A. Bone marrow
  • B. Thymus
  • C. Spleen
  • D. Lymph nodes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bone marrow. B cells mature in the bone marrow where they develop from hematopoietic stem cells. This process involves gene rearrangement and selection for self-tolerance. The bone marrow provides a microenvironment necessary for B cell development. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the thymus is where T cells mature, the spleen is involved in immune responses but not B cell maturation, and lymph nodes are sites for immune cell activation and proliferation but not B cell maturation.

In each of the following situations identify which option has the highest risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission?

  • A. Transmission to women OR to men during sexual intercourse
  • B. Hollow-bore needle used for vascular access OR used for IM injection
  • C. First 2 to 6 months of infection OR 1 year after infection
  • D. Perinatal transmission from HIV-infected mothers taking antiretroviral therapy OR HIV-infected mothers using no therapy
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During the acute phase of HIV infection (first 2-6 months), viral loads are extremely high, increasing the likelihood of transmission.

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