Nokea
Which of the following are teaching points to discuss with each patient regarding his or her medications?
- A. Reason for taking the medication
- B. Potential side effects and interactions
- C. How to store the medication
- D. When to take the medication
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: All listed points are essential for patient education to ensure safe and effective medication use, covering purpose, safety, storage, and administration.
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Older adults may experience a decline in sexual desire as they age. This may be related to which of the following?
- A. Erectile dysfunction
- B. Menopause
- C. Changes in hormone production
- D. Natural result of aging
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: These factors contribute to reduced sexual desire through physiological changes affecting sexual function and hormone levels.
Which of the following are interventions that address the issues of osteoporosis and the risk for broken bones?
- A. Make sure stairs are well lighted and that handrails are present.
- B. Suggest the patient lift light weights and wear ankle weights on his or her daily walk.
- C. Tell the patient which foods are high in potassium.
- D. Suggest the patient use an emergency help signaling device.
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Proper lighting and handrails prevent falls, while weight-bearing exercises strengthen bones, reducing osteoporosis-related fracture risk.
Mr. Kaufmann, a 77-year-old man with Alzheimer's disease, has become combative with the nursing staff. You assign a male UAP to his care. Choose the best answer from the following possible explanations about this delegation decision.
- A. It is a good delegation decision because the male UAP can handle a patient who is combative better than a female UAP can.
- B. It is not a good delegation decision because two UAPs will be needed to provide his care.
- C. It is a good delegation decision only if you make yourself available to help if the patient is confused.
- D. It is a good delegation decision only if the patient who is combative is in wrist restraints.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The delegation is appropriate if the nurse ensures availability to assist, as combative behavior in Alzheimer's patients may require additional support, regardless of the UAP's gender or restraints.
Many older patients experience a decline in renal function as they age. What effect does renal decline have on medications?
- A. Decline in renal function has very little effect on medications unless the patient goes into acute renal failure.
- B. Decline in renal function can cause excessive amounts of a drug to be left circulating in the blood.
- C. Decline in renal function can cause an increase in dilute urine elimination, thereby flushing out too much medication too quickly.
- D. Decline in renal function does not really affect medications because most drugs are rendered inactive by the liver.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reduced renal function impairs drug excretion, leading to accumulation in the blood, which can cause toxicity or prolonged effects.
An elderly patient with a hearing problem and mild confusion is not being cooperative regarding his need for a morning bath. The UAP in charge of his hygiene for the morning is frustrated and upset; she exclaims, 'Mr. Anderson isn't listening to a word I say!' Which of the following responses by the charge nurse represents effective supervision in this situation?
- A. Patient care can be frustrating at times. Mr. A. has a hearing impairment, which probably adds to his confusion. It helps the hearing impaired if you face them directly when you speak and then speak slowly. Try demonstrating what you want him to do as you speak to him, if that makes sense for the situation. I'll come and check on you right after I administer this insulin.'
- B. It sounds like you need a break. Take a few minutes to calm down and then get back to Mr. A. He'll probably be done washing by the time you get back.'
- C. I know how you feel. Mr. A. can be very hard to work with. You should get the other aide to help you. Speak loudly into his left ear. That's his good ear.'
- D. You know, it really isn't right for nurses to get frustrated with patients who can't help the way they act. You're a better aide than that. Remember, Mr. A. is old and confused and doesn't mean any harm. Go back in there and try again. Call me if you need help.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This response provides constructive guidance by addressing the patient's hearing impairment and confusion, offering specific communication strategies, and ensuring follow-up support, demonstrating effective supervision.