Nokea
Which of the following are the consequences of fluid and electrolyte imbalances resulting from diuretic therapy in older adults?
- A. Fatigue
- B. Dyspnea
- C. Chest pain
- D. Heart palpitations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid and electrolyte imbalances can lead to fatigue, a common side effect of diuretic use in older adults.
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At what point in the healing process of the myocardium following an infarct does early scar tissue result in an unstable heart wall?
- A. 2 to 3 days after MI
- B. 4 to 10 days after MI
- C. 10 to 14 days after MI
- D. 6 weeks after MI
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Scar tissue forms 4 to 10 days post-MI.
Which of the following adverse effects should a nurse check for when administering lidocaine?
- A. Convulsions
- B. Amnesia
- C. Dyspnea
- D. Urinary retention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Convulsions are a serious adverse effect of lidocaine toxicity, requiring vigilant monitoring.
A 2400 mg sodium diet is prescribed for the patient with chronic heart failure. The nurse recognizes that additional teaching is necessary when the patient states
- A. I should limit my milk intake to 2 cups a day
- B. I can eat fresh fruits and vegetables without worrying about sodium levels
- C. I can eat most foods as long as I do not add salt when cooking or at the table
- D. I need to read the labels on prepared foods and medicines for their sodium content
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: All foods that are high in sodium should be eliminated in a 2400 mg sodium diet, in addition to the elimination of salt during cooking.
What is a chronic condition where the bronchial tubes in the lungs become inflamed and narrowed, often caused by smoking?
- A. Chronic bronchitis
- B. Emphysema
- C. Asthma
- D. Tuberculosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes, often caused by smoking. This condition leads to persistent coughing and mucus production. Emphysema (B) is a separate condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, causing shortness of breath. Asthma (C) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and bronchospasms, triggered by various factors. Tuberculosis (D) is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs, causing symptoms like coughing up blood and weight loss. Chronic bronchitis specifically relates to the inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes due to smoking.
Which condition involves the body's immune system attacking the lungs and kidneys, causing severe respiratory and renal damage?
- A. Goodpasture syndrome
- B. Sarcoidosis
- C. Wegener's granulomatosis
- D. Interstitial lung disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for A being correct:
1. Goodpasture syndrome is an autoimmune disease where the body produces antibodies against collagen in the lungs and kidneys.
2. Antibodies attack the basement membrane of the lungs and kidneys, leading to severe respiratory and renal damage.
3. Symptoms include coughing up blood, difficulty breathing, and kidney failure.
4. Treatment involves immunosuppressive therapy and plasma exchange to remove harmful antibodies.
Summary:
- B: Sarcoidosis involves granulomas in multiple organs but typically not lung-kidney damage.
- C: Wegener's granulomatosis affects the respiratory tract and kidneys but involves inflammation, not antibodies against collagen.
- D: Interstitial lung disease is a broad term for various lung conditions but doesn't specifically involve the immune system attacking lungs and kidneys.