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Which of the following best describes community-based nursing?
- A. A philosophy that guides family-centered illness care
- B. Providing care with a focus on the groups needs
- C. Giving care with a focus on the aggregates needs
- D. A value system in which all clients receive optimal care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A philosophy that guides family-centered illness care. Community-based nursing emphasizes providing care within the context of the family unit, recognizing the influence of family dynamics on health outcomes. Choice B is incorrect because it focuses on groups rather than families. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to aggregate needs of populations, not individual families. Choice D is incorrect as it is a broad statement about optimal care for all clients, not specific to community-based nursing.
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Which event best describes a cultural encounter?
- A. Sharing significant assessment findings with members of a racial minority
- B. Visiting the native land of the clients served at a community health center
- C. C M
- D. Telephoning the priest atU a HSispaNnicT church Oto discuss the health issues of a client
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: The correct answer is E because a cultural encounter involves actively engaging with individuals from different cultural backgrounds to exchange ideas, beliefs, and experiences. Choices A, B, and D do not fully capture the essence of a cultural encounter as they focus on providing services or information rather than a two-way interaction. Choice C is incomplete and cannot be assessed. In summary, choice E best describes a cultural encounter by emphasizing the mutual exchange and learning between individuals of different cultures.
Which of the following types of study should the nurse researcher choose if the goal is to identify the
- A. Cross-sectional study
- B. Ecologic study
- C. Clinical trial
- D. Retrospective analysis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cross-sectional study. This type of study is best suited for identifying the current prevalence of a condition or characteristic within a population at a specific point in time. It provides a snapshot of the population, allowing for quick and efficient data collection. Cross-sectional studies are ideal for determining associations between variables but cannot establish causality. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Ecologic study examines population-level data rather than individual-level data, making it less suitable for identifying specific characteristics within a population. C: Clinical trial focuses on testing interventions and treatments rather than identifying characteristics. D: Retrospective analysis looks back at past data and may not provide a current snapshot of the population.
Which of the following statements describes how nursing in the community is more challenging than nursing in an acute care setting?
- A. There is limited access to information useful to the nurse in giving care in the community.
- B. More paperwork and forms are required when giving care in the home.
- C. It is more challenging to control the environment in the community.
- D. Specialization isn't possible in the community setting.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because limited access to information in the community setting hinders the nurse's ability to provide comprehensive care. In acute care settings, information such as patient history, lab results, and vital signs are readily available. In the community, nurses may have to rely on incomplete records or lack real-time data. This impacts treatment decisions and coordination with other healthcare providers. Choice B is incorrect as paperwork is a common challenge in both settings. Choice C is incorrect because controlling the environment in the community is different but not necessarily more challenging. Choice D is incorrect as specialization can still occur in the community through advanced training and collaboration.
Which of the following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the twentieth century?
- A. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research
- B. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures
- C. Sanitation and other public health activities
- D. Use of antibiotics to fight infections
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sanitation and other public health activities. Sanitation improvements, such as clean water supply and waste disposal, have played a significant role in reducing infectious diseases and improving overall health, leading to the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the twentieth century. This is supported by historical data showing a correlation between improved sanitation and decreased mortality rates. Other choices are incorrect because while technology, surgical advances, and antibiotics have contributed to medical progress, they alone cannot account for the significant increase in life expectancy seen during the twentieth century.
The administration at a local medical center examines the trends in health problems when
- A. Local data drawn from a professional survey in the city
- B. The National Health Interview Survey
- C. The National Hospital Discharge Survey
- D. The states vital statistics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because using local data from a professional survey in the city allows the medical center to understand specific health trends within their community. This data is most relevant and directly applicable to their patient population. Choice B, the National Health Interview Survey, provides broader national data, which may not reflect local health issues accurately. Choice C, the National Hospital Discharge Survey, focuses on hospitalized patients, not community-wide health trends. Choice D, state vital statistics, may offer general health information but lacks the specificity needed for the medical center's analysis.