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Which of the following best describes cultural competence in healthcare?
- A. Ignoring cultural differences
- B. Understanding and respecting cultural differences
- C. Enforcing cultural norms
- D. Focusing solely on medical knowledge
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cultural competence in healthcare involves understanding and respecting cultural differences to provide effective and respectful care to patients from diverse backgrounds. Choice A is incorrect as ignoring cultural differences goes against the principles of cultural competence. Choice C is wrong because enforcing cultural norms can be culturally insensitive and may not align with the patient's beliefs. Choice D is also incorrect as cultural competence encompasses more than just medical knowledge, including communication, empathy, and awareness of cultural factors.
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A nurse enters the hallway and discovers a visitor looking at a client's medical information on a computer. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Inform the care nurse that a visitor viewed a client's protected health information.
- B. Close the documentation program on the computer.
- C. Inform the visitor that the client's records are confidential.
- D. Find out which staff member left the documentation program on the screen.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct first action for the nurse to take is to close the documentation program on the computer to prevent further unauthorized access to the client's medical information. Choice A is incorrect because the immediate concern is to secure the information first. Choice C, while important, can be addressed after securing the information. Choice D, finding out which staff member left the program open, is not the immediate priority when patient confidentiality is at risk.
The nurse is planning care for a patient with acute hypernatremia. What should the nurse include in this patient's plan of care? (select one that does not apply)
- A. Reduce IV access
- B. Limit length of visits
- C. Restrict fluids to 1500 mL per day
- D. Conduct frequent neurologic checks
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For a patient with acute hypernatremia, the nurse should include interventions like reducing free water losses, correcting sodium levels slowly, monitoring neurologic status, and ensuring adequate fluid intake. Conducting frequent neurologic checks is essential in assessing the patient's neurological status and detecting any changes promptly. Therefore, this action should not be excluded from the plan of care. Choices A, B, and C are not directly related to managing acute hypernatremia and can be safely excluded from the plan of care. Reducing IV access, limiting length of visits, and restricting fluids to 1500 mL per day are not appropriate actions for managing acute hypernatremia.
Select the tactile sensation that is accurately paired with its description or procedure for testing.
- A. Fine motor coordination: The use of the fingers
- B. Stereognosis: Equal hearing in both ears
- C. Two-point discrimination: The nurse gently pricks the patient's skin
- D. Gross motor function: The use of the lower limbs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Two-point discrimination: The nurse gently pricks the patient's skin. Two-point discrimination assesses the ability to discern two points touched simultaneously on the skin. Fine motor coordination (Choice A) refers to the precise movements of small muscles, not related to tactile sensation. Stereognosis (Choice B) is the ability to recognize objects by touch, not equal hearing in both ears. Gross motor function (Choice D) involves the coordination of large muscle groups, not specifically related to tactile sensation testing.
Which skin disorder most closely resembles and mimics dandruff?
- A. Lice infestation
- B. Scabies
- C. Dermatitis
- D. Acne vulgaris
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dermatitis can closely resemble and mimic dandruff due to similar symptoms like flaking and itching. Lice infestation (choice A) is characterized by the presence of lice and their eggs attached to the hair shaft, different from dandruff. Scabies (choice B) is a contagious skin condition caused by mites, presenting as burrows, rashes, and intense itching, not typically resembling dandruff. Acne vulgaris (choice D) is a skin condition involving hair follicles and sebaceous glands, manifesting as pimples and inflammation, which is distinct from dandruff.
Who is credited with the stages of cognitive development?
- A. Erikson
- B. Piaget
- C. Freud
- D. Lister
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Piaget is indeed credited with the stages of cognitive development. Jean Piaget, a renowned psychologist, proposed a theory of cognitive development that outlines distinct stages through which children develop intellectually. Erikson, Freud, and Lister are not associated with the stages of cognitive development. Erikson is known for his psychosocial stages, Freud for psychosexual stages, and Lister for contributions to the field of medicine.