Immune System Quizlet

Immune System Quizlet Related

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Which of the following best describes the immune system's role in tissue regeneration?

  • A. Preventing pathogen invasion
  • B. Promoting wound healing and cell debris elimination
  • C. Increasing cytokine production
  • D. Suppressing adaptive immunity
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the immune system plays a crucial role in promoting wound healing and eliminating cell debris. When tissue is damaged, the immune response helps remove dead cells and debris, initiates the healing process, and supports tissue regeneration. This involves the recruitment of immune cells to the site of injury, releasing growth factors to stimulate cell proliferation, and resolving inflammation.

Choice A (Preventing pathogen invasion) is incorrect because while the immune system does play a role in preventing pathogen invasion, this is not directly related to tissue regeneration.

Choice C (Increasing cytokine production) is incorrect because although cytokines are involved in the immune response and can influence tissue repair, simply increasing cytokine production does not fully describe the immune system's role in tissue regeneration.

Choice D (Suppressing adaptive immunity) is incorrect because suppressing adaptive immunity would hinder rather than promote tissue regeneration, as adaptive immunity plays a role in immune memory and long-term protection against pathogens.

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Prophylactic measures that are routinely used as early as possible in HIV infection to prevent opportunistic and debilitating secondary problems include administration of

  • A. isoniazid (INH) to prevent tuberculosis
  • B. trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) for toxoplasmosis
  • C. vaccines for pneumococcal pneumonia, influenza, and hepatitis A and B
  • D. varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG) to prevent chickenpox or shingles
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Vaccination protects against preventable infections that can become severe in immunocompromised individuals.

How do cytokines typically function in the body?

  • A. In an endocrine manner
  • B. In an autocrine and paracrine manner
  • C. Solely by direct contact with pathogens
  • D. By degrading immune cells
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because cytokines primarily function in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Autocrine signaling occurs when a cell produces a cytokine that acts on the same cell, while paracrine signaling involves cytokines acting on nearby cells. This allows cytokines to regulate immune responses locally. Option A is incorrect as endocrine signaling involves hormones acting on distant target cells via the bloodstream, which is not the primary function of cytokines. Option C is incorrect because cytokines do not require direct contact with pathogens to function. Option D is incorrect as cytokines do not degrade immune cells but rather regulate immune responses.

The patient was told she has carcinoma in situ, and the student nurse wonders what that is. How should the nurse explain this to the student nurse?

  • A. Evasion of the immune system by cancer cells
  • B. Lesion with histologic features of cancer except invasion
  • C. Capable of causing cellular alterations associated with cancer
  • D. Tumor cell surface antigens that stimulate an immune response
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Carcinoma in situ refers to a lesion with histologic features of cancer but without invasion into surrounding tissues.

A 20-year-old patient has a family history of colon cancer. Genetic testing shows he has the gene for familial adenomatous polyposis. What should the nurse teach the patient to do?

  • A. Change his diet
  • B. Have annual colonoscopies
  • C. Consider a referral for gene therapy
  • D. Not to have children so they will not be affected
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Regular colonoscopies are crucial for early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer in individuals with familial adenomatous polyposis.

Which of the following is considered a defining characteristic of a TH2 response?

  • A. Production of IgM antibodies
  • B. Activation of CTL
  • C. Recruitment and activation of neutrophils
  • D. Production of IgE antibodies
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Production of IgE antibodies. A TH2 response is characterized by the production of IgE antibodies, which are essential in allergic reactions. IgM antibodies (A) are produced during the primary immune response. Activation of CTL (B) is associated with a TH1 response. Neutrophils (C) are primarily involved in the innate immune response and are not specific to TH2 responses. In summary, the production of IgE antibodies is a defining characteristic of a TH2 response, distinguishing it from other immune responses.

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