Nokea
Which of the following cannot be corrected by dialysis:
- A. Elevated creatinine
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Anaemia
- D. Hypernatremia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dialysis corrects biochemical imbalances in renal failure. Elevated creatinine (choice A) is cleared, reducing toxicity. Hyperkalemia (choice B) is adjusted by potassium removal. Anemia (choice C) persists, as dialysis doesn't replace erythropoietin or red cells, requiring separate treatment. Hypernatremia (choice D) is managed by fluid/sodium balance. C is correct, dialysis limitation. Nurses monitor hemoglobin, administer erythropoietin, and coordinate care, addressing anemia beyond dialysis.
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A nurse observes that the past five clients referred from a community clinic have been treated for drug and/or alcohol overdose. Based on this information, the nurse assumes that the clinic specializes in the treatment of substance use. This is an example of what type of reasoning?
- A. Deductive reasoning
- B. Inductive reasoning
- C. General systems theory
- D. Nursing process
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inductive reasoning involves observing specific instances to form a general conclusion, as seen here. The nurse notes five overdose cases from a clinic and infers it specializes in substance use, moving from particular observations to a broader assumption. Deductive reasoning reverses this, applying a general rule (e.g., all overdose clinics specialize) to a specific case, not fitting here. General systems theory analyzes wholes and parts, irrelevant to this logic. The nursing process is a care method, not reasoning. Inductive reasoning's strength lies in pattern recognition, useful in nursing for hypothesis generation like identifying care trends but risks overgeneralization without further data. It shapes initial assessments, guiding deeper inquiry into the clinic's role, reflecting nurses' adaptive thinking in real-world settings.
Which of the following statement best describe quality improvement?
- A. A one-time fix
- B. Ongoing effort to enhance care
- C. A punishment for errors
- D. A financial strategy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Quality improvement is an ongoing effort to enhance care (B), per QI models e.g., PDSA cycles. Not one-time (A), not punishment (C), not just finance (D) continuous. B best defines QI's iterative nature, making it correct.
After a day, Mr Gary's wife shouted at the nurse and said 'You're not doing your job right! My husband is dying because of you!' This is an example of?
- A. Denial
- B. Anger
- C. Bargaining
- D. Depression
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shouting 'You're not doing your job is anger (B), per Kubler-Ross lashing out in grief. Denial (A) rejects, bargaining (C) pleads, depression (D) withdraws. Anger targets others, fitting her outburst, making it correct.
The best diet for the client with Meniere's syndrome is one that is:
- A. High in fiber
- B. Low in sodium
- C. High in iodine
- D. Low in fiber
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A low-sodium diet is best for Meniere's syndrome, reducing fluid retention in the inner ear, which mitigates vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss flare-ups. High fiber aids digestion, not ear issues; high iodine or low fiber lacks relevance here. Nurses teach this dietary shift to control symptoms, emphasizing sodium's role in fluid balance, supporting long-term management of this chronic condition.
Marianne is now at the Defervescence stage of the fever, which of the following is expected?
- A. Delirium
- B. Goose flesh
- C. Cyanotic nail beds
- D. Sweating
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Defervescence (decline) involves vasodilation and sweating e.g., cooling as heat dissipates. Delirium (high fever), goose flesh (chills), or cyanosis (hypoxia) don't fit. Nurses anticipate this e.g., damp sheets in Marianne, adjusting care, per fever stages.