Nokea
Which of the following cephalosporins has in vitro activity against anaerobic * gram negative bacteria such as Bacteroides fragilis?
- A. Cefdinir
- B. Cefuroxime
- C. Cefazolin
- D. Cefepime
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cefepime. Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin that has broad-spectrum activity, including against anaerobic gram-negative bacteria like Bacteroides fragilis. Its extended spectrum of activity is due to its increased stability against beta-lactamases produced by many bacteria. Choices A, B, and C (Cefdinir, Cefuroxime, Cefazolin) are not typically effective against anaerobic gram-negative bacteria. Cefdinir is primarily active against respiratory pathogens, Cefuroxime has limited anaerobic coverage, and Cefazolin is more effective against gram-positive bacteria.
You may also like to solve these questions
The nurse is assessing a patient admitted with renal
- A. Provide privacy for the patient. stones. During the admission assessment, what parameters would be priorities for the nurse to address?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because assessing the patient's renal function parameters such as serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urine output are essential in determining the status of the kidneys. These parameters help the nurse evaluate renal function, assess for renal impairment, and monitor for any complications related to renal stones. Option A is incorrect as providing privacy is important but not a priority in this situation. Option C and D are incorrect as they do not address the specific parameters related to renal function assessment.
A 22-year-old woman has been considering using oral contraceptives. As a part of her health history, the nurse should ask:
- A. Do you have a history of heart murmurs?
- B. Will you be in a monogamous relationship?
- C. Have you carefully thought this choice through?
- D. If you smoke, how many cigarettes do you smoke per day?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular complications with oral contraceptives. By asking about the number of cigarettes smoked per day, the nurse can assess the level of risk. Choice A is incorrect as it is not directly related to the safety of oral contraceptives. Choice B is important for overall sexual health but not directly related to the safety of oral contraceptives. Choice C is vague and does not provide specific information about potential risks associated with oral contraceptives.
A 62-year-old man states that his physician told him that he has an “inguinal hernia.†He asks the nurse to explain what a hernia is. The nurse should:
- A. Tell him not to worry and that most men his age develop hernias.
- B. Explain that a hernia is often the result of prenatal growth abnormalities.
- C. Refer him to his physician for additional consultation because the physician made the initial diagnosis.
- D. Explain that a hernia is a loop of bowel protruding through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Define hernia as a condition where an organ or fatty tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue.
Step 2: Emphasize the relevance to the patient's situation.
Step 3: Clarify that an inguinal hernia specifically involves the intestines protruding through the inguinal canal in the groin area.
Step 4: Explain that surgery may be needed to repair the hernia.
Step 5: Stress the importance of seeking medical attention for proper evaluation and treatment.
Summary:
A: Incorrect - Dismissing the patient's concerns is not appropriate.
B: Incorrect - Hernias are not typically related to prenatal growth abnormalities.
C: Incorrect - The nurse can provide basic information about hernias without needing the physician to explain further.
Which of the following secretes the antidiuretic hormone?
- A. Lungs
- B. Pituitary gland
- C. Liver
- D. Pineal gland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pituitary gland. The antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is produced and secreted by the pituitary gland. This hormone helps regulate water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. The other choices, A: Lungs, C: Liver, and D: Pineal gland, do not secrete ADH. Lungs are responsible for gas exchange, the liver performs various metabolic functions, and the pineal gland regulates sleep-wake cycles through melatonin secretion. Therefore, the pituitary gland is the only gland among the options that secretes the antidiuretic hormone.
Mary Jane develops edema after the birth of her first child and will be treated by peritoneal dialysis. The nurse will have the patient void before the catheter is introduced into the peritoneal space to
- A. determine the effectiveness of the treatment
- B. prevent accidental puncture of the bladder
- C. get an accurate output record
- D. prevent incontinence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: prevent accidental puncture of the bladder. Voiding before catheter insertion ensures the bladder is empty, reducing the risk of bladder puncture during peritoneal dialysis. Choice A is incorrect as voiding does not determine treatment effectiveness. Choice C is incorrect as output recording is not the primary reason for voiding. Choice D is incorrect as voiding does not directly prevent incontinence during peritoneal dialysis.