Nokea
Which of the following characterizes the secretory phase of a female's uterine (menstrual) cycle?
- A. Ovulation of a secondary oocyte occurs.
- B. The functional layer of the endometrium is absent.
- C. The corpus luteum increases progesterone levels.
- D. The functional layer of the endometrium is she
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The secretory phase follows ovulation in the menstrual cycle. During this phase, the corpus luteum, formed from the ruptured follicle, secretes progesterone, maintaining the endometrium for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. Choice A is incorrect as ovulation occurs in the preceding phase (ovulatory phase). Choice B is incorrect as the functional layer of the endometrium thickens during the secretory phase to support a potential pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect as the functional layer of the endometrium is not shed during the secretory phase, but rather maintained for pregnancy support.
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When a male is castrated before puberty, he becomes:
- A. Female
- B. Cretin
- C. Eunuch
- D. Potent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Eunuch. When a male is castrated before puberty, he becomes a eunuch because castration removes the testes, leading to a lack of testosterone production and loss of male secondary sexual characteristics. This results in a eunuch having a more neutral appearance and lacking the ability to reproduce.
A: Choosing "Female" is incorrect because castration does not change the individual's genetic sex.
B: Selecting "Cretin" is incorrect as cretinism is a condition caused by severe thyroid hormone deficiency, not related to castration.
D: Opting for "Potent" is incorrect as castration leads to the loss of reproductive ability, making the individual infertile.
Levels of transcortin are elevated in a pregnant woman. Which of the following laboratory findings would be expected in this patient?
- A. Increased total (protein-bound plus free) plasma cortisol concentration
- B. Increased free (non–protein-bound) plasma cortisol concentration
- C. Decreased total plasma cortisol concentration
- D. Decreased free plasma cortisol concentration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Elevated levels of transcortin in a pregnant woman lead to an increase in total plasma cortisol concentration. Transcortin binds to cortisol, increasing its total concentration but reducing the amount of free (non-protein-bound) cortisol. Choice A is correct as total cortisol concentration increases due to transcortin binding. Choices B and D are incorrect as free cortisol concentration decreases. Choice C is incorrect as total cortisol concentration is elevated, not decreased.
Regarding spermatogenesis, we can state the following:
- A. it occurs at the level of testicular interstitial cells;
- B. it occurs at the level of the Leydig cells;
- C. it occurs at the level of the convoluted seminiferous tubules;
- D. it begins around the age of 14;
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because spermatogenesis occurs within the convoluted seminiferous tubules of the testes. This is where sperm cells are produced through a series of cell divisions and maturation processes. Choice A is incorrect as spermatogenesis does not occur at the level of testicular interstitial cells, which are responsible for hormone production. Choice B is also incorrect as Leydig cells are responsible for testosterone production, not sperm production. Choice D is incorrect as spermatogenesis actually begins during puberty, typically around the age of 12-13, not specifically at the age of 14.
During pregnancy, the uterine smooth muscle is quiescent. During the 9th month of gestation the uterine muscle becomes progressively more excitable. What factors contribute to the increase in excitability?
- A. Placental estrogen synthesis rises to high rates
- B. Progesterone synthesis by the placenta decreases
- C. Uterine blood flow reaches its highest rate
- D. Prostaglandin E2 synthesis by the placenta decreases
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Progesterone synthesis by the placenta decreases. Progesterone maintains uterine quiescence during pregnancy by inhibiting uterine contractions. As progesterone levels decline towards the end of pregnancy, the uterine muscle becomes more excitable. Placental estrogen synthesis (Choice A) does not directly affect uterine excitability. Uterine blood flow (Choice C) is not a direct factor in uterine muscle excitability. Prostaglandin E2 (Choice D) actually increases towards the end of pregnancy, contributing to uterine contractions rather than decreasing excitability.
A client is undergoing sentinel lymph node mapping. A nurse explains that this new technique reduces the likelihood of which
- A. Lymphedema
- B. Excessive scarring
- C. Cellulitis
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sentinel lymph node mapping helps reduce the risk of lymphedema by limiting the number of lymph nodes removed.