Nokea
Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities of childhood ALL carries the highest risk of relapse despite intensive chemotherapy?
- A. t(9;22)
- B. t(4;11)
- C. hypodiploidy
- D. t(1;19)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Philadelphia chromosome (t(9;22)) is associated with a high risk of relapse in ALL.
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The nurse is preparing a client for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm or rule out a spinal cord lesion. During the MRI scan, which of the following would pose a threat to the client?
- A. The client lies still.
- B. The client wears a watch and wedding
- C. The client asks questions. band.
- D. the client hears thumping sounds.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client wearing a watch and wedding band would pose a threat during the MRI scan. MRI machines use strong magnetic fields that can interact with metal objects. The presence of metal objects such as a watch and wedding band can lead to serious safety risks for the client inside the MRI machine. These metal objects can become projectiles or heat up, causing burns or other injuries. Thus, it is crucial for the client to remove all metal objects before undergoing an MRI scan to ensure their safety.
Which defect results in increased pulmonary blood flow?
- A. Pulmonic stenosis
- B. Tricuspid atresia
- C. Atrial septal defect
- D. Transposition of the great arteries
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect where there is an abnormal opening in the atrial septum, leading to a left-to-right shunt of blood. This shunt causes increased pulmonary blood flow, as oxygenated blood from the left atrium is shunted back into the right atrium and then into the pulmonary circulation. Over time, this increased pulmonary blood flow can lead to pulmonary hypertension and potentially Eisenmenger syndrome if left untreated. Pulmonic stenosis, tricuspid atresia, and transposition of the great arteries all typically result in decreased pulmonary blood flow rather than increased pulmonary blood flow.
The nurse is talking to a parent of an infant with severe atopic dermatitis (eczema). Which response(s) should the nurse reinforce with the parent? (Select all that apply.)
- A. "You can use warm wet compresses to relieve discomfort."
- B. "You will need to keep your infant's skin well hydrated by using a mild soap in the bath."
- C. "You should bathe your baby in a bubble bath two times a day."
- D. "You will need to prevent your baby from scratching the area by using a mild antihistamine."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: "You can use warm wet compresses to relieve discomfort." Warm wet compresses can help soothe the affected area and provide relief from itching and discomfort associated with atopic dermatitis.
Children with high-risk neuroblastoma have poor survival. Current treatment consists of all the following EXCEPT
- A. surgery
- B. intensive chemotherapy
- C. radiation
- D. allogenic bone marrow transplantation
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Differentiating agents like 13-cis-retinoic acid are used instead of allogenic bone marrow transplantation in high-risk neuroblastoma.
An elderly nursing home resident who has always been alert and oriented is now showing signs of dehydration and has become confused. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely involved?
- A. Hyponatremia
- B. Hypercalcemia
- C. Hyperkalemia
- D. Hypomagnesemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyponatremia is an electrolyte imbalance characterized by low sodium levels in the blood. Sodium plays a crucial role in regulating the body's fluid balance and is essential for nerve and muscle function. Elderly individuals are at a higher risk of developing hyponatremia due to various factors, including medication use, reduced thirst sensation, and impaired kidney function.