Nokea
Which of the following conditions is not treated with Nifedipine?
- A. Angina
- B. Arrhythmias
- C. Hypertension
- D. Fluid retention
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker primarily used to treat angina, arrhythmias, and hypertension due to its vasodilatory effect. However, it does not treat fluid retention as it does not have diuretic properties. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choice A, B, and C are incorrect because nifedipine is commonly used to manage these conditions.
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Which of the following drugs is associated with the reaction of Cinchonism?
- A. Valproic acid
- B. Quinidine
- C. Isoniazid
- D. Ethosuximide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Quinidine. Cinchonism is a condition caused by the toxicity of Cinchona alkaloids, which are found in drugs like quinine and quinidine. Quinidine is specifically known to cause symptoms of cinchonism such as tinnitus, headache, blurred vision, and nausea. Valproic acid (choice A) is an anticonvulsant, not associated with cinchonism. Isoniazid (choice C) is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis and does not cause cinchonism. Ethosuximide (choice D) is an anticonvulsant used to treat absence seizures and is not linked to cinchonism.
In which of the following cases is Lansoprazole not used?
- A. Gastritis
- B. Peptic Ulcers
- C. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
- D. Thalamus hypertrophy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat conditions related to excess stomach acid. Thalamus hypertrophy is not a condition affecting stomach acid production, making it unrelated to Lansoprazole use. A: Gastritis, B: Peptic Ulcers, and C: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome all involve excessive stomach acid secretion, hence Lansoprazole is used in these cases. Thalamus hypertrophy does not involve stomach acid issues, making it the correct answer.
Which of the following is the primary site of activity for the drug Warfarin?
- A. Kidney
- B. Liver
- C. Blood
- D. Heart
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver. Warfarin is primarily metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. The liver is responsible for breaking down and activating many drugs, including Warfarin. It is where the drug's metabolism and effects are most significant. The other choices are incorrect because Warfarin's main site of activity is in the liver, not the kidney, blood, or heart. The kidney mainly excretes the drug, while the blood carries it throughout the body, and the heart is not directly involved in Warfarin's metabolism.
Which of the following is not a side effect of loop diuretics?
- A. Alkalosis
- B. Nausea
- C. Hypotension
- D. Potassium deficits
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nausea. Loop diuretics like furosemide work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and water in the loop of Henle in the kidneys. This mechanism can lead to electrolyte imbalances, such as potassium deficits (choice D), and volume depletion, resulting in hypotension (choice C). Loop diuretics can also cause metabolic alkalosis (choice A) due to loss of hydrogen ions. Nausea, however, is not a common side effect of loop diuretics. Therefore, choice B is not a side effect of loop diuretics, making it the correct answer.
Which of the following is not a side effect of the vasodilator Nifedipine?
- A. Nausea
- B. Flushed appearance
- C. Vertigo
- D. Sexual dysfunction
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sexual dysfunction. Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker that primarily causes vasodilation by relaxing blood vessels. Sexual dysfunction is not a common side effect associated with Nifedipine use. Nausea, flushed appearance, and vertigo are potential side effects of Nifedipine due to its mechanism of action on the cardiovascular system. Therefore, D is the correct choice as it does not align with the expected side effects of Nifedipine.