Nokea
Which of the following is the antidote for benzodiazepine toxicity?
- A. Flumazenil
- B. Methylene blue
- C. Deferoxamine
- D. Alkalinize urine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Flumazenil. Flumazenil is a specific benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that can reverse the effects of benzodiazepine toxicity by competitively inhibiting the binding of benzodiazepines to their receptors. It works by reversing the sedative and respiratory depressant effects of benzodiazepines. Methylene blue (B) is used to treat methemoglobinemia, not benzodiazepine toxicity. Deferoxamine (C) is used for iron toxicity. Alkalinizing urine (D) is used to enhance the excretion of weak acids in the urine, not for benzodiazepine toxicity.
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Which of the following conditions is not treated with Nifedipine?
- A. Angina
- B. Arrhythmias
- C. Hypertension
- D. Fluid retention
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker primarily used to treat angina, arrhythmias, and hypertension due to its vasodilatory effect. However, it does not treat fluid retention as it does not have diuretic properties. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choice A, B, and C are incorrect because nifedipine is commonly used to manage these conditions.
Which of the following is not a common effect of Midazolam?
- A. Amnesia
- B. Decreased respiratory function
- C. Anesthetic
- D. Dizziness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Midazolam is a benzodiazepine commonly used as a sedative and anxiolytic.
2. Common effects of Midazolam include amnesia, decreased respiratory function, and anesthetic properties.
3. Dizziness is not a common effect of Midazolam but can be a side effect in some individuals.
4. Therefore, choice D (Dizziness) is not a common effect of Midazolam, making it the correct answer.
Summary:
- A: Amnesia - Common effect of Midazolam
- B: Decreased respiratory function - Common effect of Midazolam
- C: Anesthetic - Common effect of Midazolam
- D: Dizziness - Not a common effect of Midazolam, making it the correct answer.
A drug ending in the suffix (pril) is considered a ______.
- A. H
- B. ACE inhibitor
- C. Antifungal
- D. Beta agonist
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: ACE inhibitor. Drugs ending in the suffix (-pril) typically refer to ACE inhibitors, which are commonly used to treat hypertension and heart failure by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme. ACE inhibitors do not belong to the categories mentioned in the other choices. Choice A (H) is vague and does not provide any relevant information. Choice C (Antifungal) is incorrect as drugs ending in (-pril) are not typically used to treat fungal infections. Choice D (Beta agonist) is also incorrect as drugs ending in (-pril) do not belong to the class of beta agonists, which are used to treat conditions like asthma and COPD.
What is the antidote for copper toxicity?
- A. Glucagon
- B. Aminocaproic acid
- C. Atropine
- D. Penicillamine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Penicillamine. Penicillamine is a chelating agent that binds to copper and forms a complex that can be excreted from the body, making it an effective antidote for copper toxicity. Glucagon (A) is used for treating hypoglycemia, aminocaproic acid (B) is used to treat excessive bleeding, and atropine (C) is used to treat bradycardia and organophosphate poisoning, none of which are related to copper toxicity.
Which of the following is considered a class IA Sodium Channel blocker?
- A. Mexiletine
- B. Amiodarone
- C. Quinidine
- D. Procainamide
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Procainamide. Procainamide is a class IA antiarrhythmic drug that blocks sodium channels, prolonging the action potential duration. This helps to stabilize the heart's rhythm. Mexiletine (A) is a class IB antiarrhythmic drug that blocks sodium channels with fast recovery kinetics. Amiodarone (B) is a class III antiarrhythmic drug that prolongs repolarization by blocking potassium channels. Quinidine (C) is a class IA antiarrhythmic drug that also blocks sodium channels, but it is not a class IB sodium channel blocker like Procainamide.