Nokea
Which of the following conditions/abnormalities is always present in people who are diagnosed with metabolic syndrome?
- A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- B. Disturbed renal function
- C. Hypertension
- D. Insulin resistance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metabolic syndrome's core insulin resistance ties the knot, not always diabetes, kidney flops, or high BP. A chronic root nurses peg this constant.
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The glycaemic profiles of people living with diabetes is affected by the following EXCEPT:
- A. Dietary intake
- B. Exercise
- C. Monitoring of blood glucose
- D. Stress
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glycemic profiles in diabetes are influenced by dietary intake (carbohydrate amount/type), exercise (glucose uptake), stress (cortisol-driven hyperglycemia), and medications (dose/effect). Monitoring blood glucose, however, doesn't affect the profile it measures it. While vital for management, the act of checking doesn't alter underlying glucose levels, unlike the others, which directly impact metabolism. This distinction is key for physicians educating patients on factors driving glycemic control, ensuring focus on actionable influencers rather than tools in chronic diabetes care.
A patient who has ovarian cancer is crying and tells the nurse, 'My husband rarely visits. He just doesn't care.' The husband indicates to the nurse that he does not know what to say to his wife. Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for the nurse to add to the plan of care?
- A. Compromised family coping related to disruption in lifestyle
- B. Impaired home maintenance related to perceived role changes
- C. Risk for caregiver role strain related to burdens of caregiving responsibilities
- D. Dysfunctional family processes related to effect of illness on family members
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ovarian cancer's toll her tears, his silence points to dysfunctional family processes; illness jams communication, not lifestyle , home upkeep , or caregiving load . He's lost, not burdened. Nurses in oncology peg this cancer's ripple screws up dynamics, needing talks to bridge the gap, not just task fixes.
Spirometry is used to determine the severity of COPD and to monitor disease progression. This test measures
- A. The ratio of volume of air the patient can forcibly exhale in 1 second and forced vital capacity
- B. The ratio of residual volume when patient has fully exhaled and forced vital capacity
- C. The ratio of forced vital capacity and volume of air the patient can forcibly exhale in 6 seconds
- D. The ratio of respiratory effort and respiratory rate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spirometry sizes COPD FEV1/FVC ratio, air blasted in one second versus all-out capacity, pegs obstruction's depth, tracking decline. Residual's post-exhale, not this; 6-second's off; effort-rate's vague. Nurses lean on this, staging chronic airflow's fade.
An oncology patient has just returned from the postanesthesia care unit after an open hemicolectomy. This patient's plan of nursing care should prioritize which of the following?
- A. Assess the patient hourly for signs of compartment syndrome
- B. Assess the patient's fine motor skills once per shift
- C. Assess the patient's wound for dehiscence every 4 hours
- D. Maintain the patient's head of bed at 45 degrees or more at all times
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Post-hemicolectomy, wound dehiscence splitting open is a killer risk, tied to infection or poor healing, needing checks every 4 hours. Compartment syndrome's a fracture thing, not gut surgery. Fine motor's irrelevant here neuro's not the issue. High head-of-bed helps breathing but isn't universal post-op. Nurses in oncology prioritize this, catching leaks or redness early, critical after cancer gut surgery.
Post exposure prophylaxis against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV):
- A. is probably not effective when commenced 36 hours post exposure
- B. is administered intramuscularly
- C. is generally well-tolerated by patients
- D. when given, precludes the need for follow up serology
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HIV PEP tolerable pills, not IM, works past 36 hours, needs serology, safe in pregnancy. Nurses dose this chronic shield easy.