Nokea
Which of the following decreases the resistance in the arteries leading to the sinuses of the penis?
- A. Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves innervating the arteries
- B. Nitric oxide
- C. Inhibition of activity of the parasympathetic nerves leading to the arteries
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is a potent vasodilator that relaxes smooth muscle in the arterial walls, leading to decreased resistance in the arteries. This results in increased blood flow to the sinuses of the penis, contributing to erectile function.
A: Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves innervating the arteries would actually increase resistance by causing vasoconstriction.
C: Inhibition of activity of the parasympathetic nerves leading to the arteries would also increase resistance as parasympathetic stimulation typically leads to vasodilation.
Therefore, the correct answer is B as it directly causes vasodilation and decreases resistance in the arteries leading to the sinuses of the penis, which is essential for erectile function.
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Which cells in the seminiferous tubules progress through the first meiotic division?
- A. Sertoli cells
- B. Spermatogonia
- C. Spermatid
- D. primary spermatocyte
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: primary spermatocyte. Primary spermatocytes are the cells in the seminiferous tubules that progress through the first meiotic division. During this division, primary spermatocytes undergo DNA replication and then divide into two secondary spermatocytes. These secondary spermatocytes will then undergo the second meiotic division to produce haploid spermatids.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Sertoli cells are supporting cells in the seminiferous tubules but do not undergo meiotic divisions.
B: Spermatogonia are the undifferentiated germ cells that give rise to primary spermatocytes but do not progress through meiotic divisions.
C: Spermatids are the haploid cells produced after the two meiotic divisions, so they do not progress through the first meiotic division.
In summary, primary spermatocytes are the cells that go through the first meiotic division in the seminiferous tubules
The testicle is located:
- A. inside a muscular pouch;
- B. inside the scrotum;
- C. at the inguinal canal;
- D. inside the abdominal cavity;
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: inside the scrotum. The testicles are located outside the abdominal cavity in a structure called the scrotum. This location is essential for temperature regulation as sperm production requires a slightly lower temperature than the body's core. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the testicles are not inside a muscular pouch, at the inguinal canal, or inside the abdominal cavity.
If bone is splintered or crushed in several places it is termed as
- A. Complex fracture
- B. Greenstick fracture
- C. Impacted fracture
- D. Comminuted fracture
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Comminuted fracture. This type of fracture occurs when the bone is splintered or crushed in several places, leading to multiple bone fragments. This term accurately describes the situation where the bone is broken into multiple pieces.
A: Complex fracture refers to a fracture that involves multiple breaks in a bone, but not necessarily into multiple small fragments.
B: Greenstick fracture is an incomplete fracture where the bone is bent but not completely broken.
C: Impacted fracture occurs when the broken ends of the bone are driven into each other, typically seen in a fall with a lot of force, but it does not involve multiple bone fragments like in a comminuted fracture.
A “birth control” compound for men has been sought for several decades. Which of the following would provide effective sterility?
- A. Substance that mimics the actions of luteinizing hormone
- B. Substance that blocks the actions of inhibin
- C. Substance that blocks the actions of follicle-stimulating hormone
- D. Substance that mimics the actions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Substance that blocks the actions of follicle-stimulating hormone. By blocking the actions of FSH, sperm production in the testes would be inhibited, leading to effective sterility. FSH plays a crucial role in stimulating sperm production, so blocking its actions would prevent the development of mature sperm.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Substance that mimics the actions of luteinizing hormone - Mimicking LH would not necessarily lead to effective sterility in men.
B: Substance that blocks the actions of inhibin - Inhibin regulates FSH secretion but blocking it would not directly lead to effective sterility.
D: Substance that mimics the actions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone - Mimicking GnRH would not directly impact sperm production and sterility.
A male client, living in an underdeveloped country, is diagnosed with chlamydia, acquired through an ophthalmic infection by autoinoculation. Which of the following are the symptoms experienced by the client?
- A. Testicular pain
- B. Anal infection
- C. Granulation of the cornea and blindness
- D. Sore throat with an infected pharynx
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chlamydial eye infections can lead to serious complications like granulation and blindness if untreated.