Nokea
Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by the abnormal wearing away of tooth structure due to factors such as bruxism or acidic erosion?
- A. Dental caries
- B. Attrition
- C. Abrasion
- D. Erosion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Attrition is the dental condition characterized by the abnormal wearing away of tooth structure due to factors such as bruxism (grinding or clenching of teeth) or acidic erosion. Bruxism can cause tooth-to-tooth contact that leads to the wearing down of the tooth enamel and eventually can affect deeper layers of the tooth. Acidic erosion, on the other hand, is caused by the direct contact of teeth with acidic substances, which can lead to the gradual loss of tooth structure over time. Dental caries refers to tooth decay caused by bacteria, abrasion involves wearing away of tooth structure due to external factors like improper brushing habits, and erosion specifically relates to the loss of tooth structure caused by acidic substances.
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The foundation of medication administration is the application for the "Rights of Medication Administration." which of the following is NOT included in these rights?
- A. Right route
- B. Right dosage
- C. Right patient
- D. Right price.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The "Rights of Medication Administration" include the following fundamental principles to ensure safe medication administration: right patient, right medication, right dosage, right route, right time, and right documentation. The price of the medication is not a part of these essential rights. These rights help to prevent medication errors and ensure that patients receive the correct medication in the correct way.
Nurse Mauve should plan to initiate which action to provide a safe environment?
- A. Take the patient's vital signs every 4 hours.
- B. Encourage visits from family and friends for psychosocial support.
- C. Maintain fluid and sodium restrictions.
- D. Take off the room lights and draw the window shades.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking off the room lights and drawing the window shades would provide a calm and soothing environment for the five-year-old patient admitted due to pneumonia with symptoms of cough, respiratory distress, anxiety, and dehydration. By creating a dim and quiet atmosphere, it can help reduce the child's anxiety levels, promote rest and relaxation, and potentially aid in the management of distress caused by pneumonia. Providing a quiet and dark environment can also support the child's comfort and recovery process during the hospital stay.
Which assessment findings is INDICATIVE of the diagnosis of hypertension?
- A. Family members with high blood pressure
- B. Elevation of blood cholesterol level
- C. Stressful work environment
- D. Consistent evaluation of blood pressure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The assessment finding that is indicative of the diagnosis of hypertension is consistent evaluation of blood pressure. Hypertension is diagnosed based on repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Consistently high blood pressure readings, usually defined as systolic blood pressure consistently at or above 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure consistently at or above 90 mmHg, are a key factor in diagnosing hypertension. Family history of high blood pressure (Choice A), elevation of blood cholesterol level (Choice B), and a stressful work environment (Choice C) may be risk factors for hypertension but are not diagnostic criteria. In order to diagnose hypertension, healthcare providers rely on consistent measurement and evaluation of blood pressure over time.
Which is the MOST important criterion in budgeting?
- A. Flexibility
- B. Consistency
- C. Standardized
- D. Cost of effectiveness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Flexibility is the most important criterion in budgeting because it allows for adjustments to be made as circumstances change. Budgeting is a dynamic process, and having a flexible budget enables organizations or individuals to adapt to unexpected changes in income or expenses. This helps in ensuring that resources are allocated efficiently and effectively to meet the overall financial goals. Consistency, standardization, and cost-effectiveness are also important considerations in budgeting, but flexibility is key to successfully managing financial resources in a changing environment.
A nurse is documenting a patient's care in the electronic health record (EHR). What principle should guide the nurse's documentation practices?
- A. Recording only objective data to maintain accuracy
- B. Documenting all care provided, including assessments and interventions
- C. Avoiding documentation of errors or adverse events to prevent liability
- D. Delaying documentation until the end of the shift to save time
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Documenting all care provided, including assessments and interventions, is the principle that should guide the nurse's documentation practices in the electronic health record (EHR). Comprehensive and accurate documentation is essential for ensuring continuity of care, communication among healthcare team members, and legal protection. By documenting all care provided, the nurse contributes to a complete and thorough picture of the patient's condition and treatment, facilitating safe and effective patient care. This principle also aligns with professional standards and regulatory requirements, emphasizing the importance of timely and complete documentation in the EHR.