Nokea
Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by the involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth, often leading to tooth wear, muscle pain, and temporomandibular joint dysfunction?
- A. Dental caries
- B. Attrition
- C. Bruxism
- D. Periodontitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bruxism is the dental condition characterized by the involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth, often occurring during sleep. This habitual behavior can lead to tooth wear, muscle pain, headaches, and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Dental caries (choice A) refers to tooth decay, while attrition (choice B) specifically refers to the wearing down of teeth due to forces like chewing. Periodontitis (choice D) is a condition involving inflammation and infection of the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. Among the choices provided, bruxism is the most fitting description for the condition characterized by tooth grinding and clenching.
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In planning the nursing care for this patient what is the important nursing intervention a nurse must do?
- A. Encourage patient to release anxiety by crying.
- B. Reassure family that complete recovery is probable.
- C. Assess patient for respiratory distress.
- D. Have patient assist with care.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assessing the patient for respiratory distress is the important nursing intervention that must be done in this situation. The scenario provided indicates that the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing increased work of breathing, which puts them at risk for respiratory distress. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the patient's respiratory status closely, including assessing their oxygen saturations, respiratory rate, and effort, to identify any signs of respiratory distress early and intervene promptly. This proactive assessment can help prevent further deterioration of the patient's condition and ensure appropriate nursing interventions are implemented promptly.
Which of the following actions is appropriate when managing a patient with a suspected heat stroke?
- A. Administering warm intravenous fluids.
- B. Applying ice packs to the patient's skin.
- C. Encouraging the patient to drink cold water rapidly.
- D. Removing the patient from the hot environment and cooling the body.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When managing a patient with a suspected heat stroke, the appropriate action is to remove the patient from the hot environment and start cooling the body. Heat stroke is a medical emergency that can be life-threatening if not promptly treated. Cooling the body is essential to lower the core body temperature as quickly as possible. Ice packs should not be directly applied to the skin as they can cause vasoconstriction and may actually hinder heat dissipation. Administering warm intravenous fluids and encouraging the patient to drink cold water rapidly are also not recommended in the initial management of a heat stroke. The priority is to cool the patient down and seek medical attention immediately.
A postpartum client who experienced a traumatic birth expresses concerns about breastfeeding difficulties and emotional distress. What nursing intervention should be prioritized to address the client's concerns?
- A. Providing emotional support and empathy for the client's experience
- B. Recommending cessation of breastfeeding to alleviate stress
- C. Encouraging the client to avoid discussing the birth experience
- D. Referring the client to a mental health professional for counseling
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Providing emotional support and empathy for the client's experience should be prioritized to address concerns of a postpartum client who experienced a traumatic birth. Emotional support can help the client feel validated and heard, which can be instrumental in starting the healing process. By acknowledging the client's emotions and experiences, the nurse can establish trust and create a safe space for the client to express their feelings. This can also help in building a therapeutic relationship that can positively impact the client's emotional well-being. Providing a supportive environment is essential for addressing breastfeeding difficulties and emotional distress in this situation.
Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by inflammation of the gingival tissues surrounding the teeth, often caused by poor oral hygiene?
- A. Dental caries
- B. Periodontitis
- C. Dental abscess
- D. Oral candidiasis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Periodontitis is the dental condition characterized by inflammation of the gingival tissues surrounding the teeth. It is typically caused by poor oral hygiene practices, leading to plaque buildup and eventually gum disease. If left untreated, periodontitis can cause serious damage to the gum tissue and the underlying bones supporting the teeth, which can eventually result in tooth loss. Regular dental check-ups, proper oral hygiene habits, and professional cleanings are important for preventing and managing periodontitis.
A patient presents with crushing chest pain that lasts longer than 20 minutes, diaphoresis, and dyspnea. An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows ST-segment elevation in the anterior leads. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Stable angina
- B. Unstable angina
- C. Acute myocardial infarction
- D. Prinzmetal's angina
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient is most likely experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) based on the presentation of crushing chest pain lasting longer than 20 minutes, diaphoresis, dyspnea, and ST-segment elevation on the ECG. These symptoms are consistent with the classic presentation of an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), which is a type of acute MI that is characterized by prolonged ischemia leading to myocardial cell death. In this case, the ST-segment elevation in the anterior leads indicates myocardial damage in the corresponding area of the heart supplied by the affected coronary artery. This is a medical emergency that requires urgent intervention to restore blood flow to the affected myocardium and prevent further complications.