Nokea
Which of the following drugs has a therapeutic effect that increases cardiac output and slows heart rate?
- A. Heparin
- B. Alprazola
- C. Digoxin
- D. Levothyroxine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Digoxin is a medication commonly used to treat heart failure and certain types of irregular heartbeats. It works by increasing the force of contraction of the heart muscle, thereby increasing cardiac output. Additionally, digoxin also has the ability to slow down the heart rate, making it helpful in conditions such as atrial fibrillation. Heparin is an anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clot formation, while Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety disorders. Levothyroxine is a thyroid hormone replacement medication to treat hypothyroidism. None of these drugs have the therapeutic effects of increasing cardiac output and slowing heart rate like digoxin.
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For the patient taking acetaminophen, what should the nurse do? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Monitor routine liver enzyme tests.
- B. Encourage the patient to check package labels of over-the-counter drugs to avoid overdosing.
- C. Report side effects immediately, as toxicity can cause severe hepatic damage.
- D. Teach the female patient that oral contraceptives can increase the effect of acetaminophen.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acetaminophen is metabolized in the liver, and excessive doses can lead to hepatotoxicity. Routine monitoring of liver enzymes is essential to detect early signs of liver damage. Patients should also be educated to check the acetaminophen content in over-the-counter medications to avoid accidental overdose. Reporting side effects promptly is crucial, as acetaminophen toxicity can cause severe and potentially fatal liver damage. While oral contraceptives can affect drug metabolism, they do not significantly increase the effects of acetaminophen. Therefore, the correct actions are to monitor liver enzymes, educate about over-the-counter medications, and report side effects.
A patient is experiencing mucositis (stomatitis) after receiving chemotherapy. Which symptomatic treatments will be appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Frequent mouth rinses
- B. Antiemetics
- C. Topical anesthetics
- D. Stress reduction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mucositis, or stomatitis, is a painful inflammation of the mucous membranes caused by chemotherapy. Frequent mouth rinses with saline or baking soda solutions help keep the mouth clean and promote healing. Topical anesthetics, such as lidocaine, can provide pain relief. Stress reduction techniques, such as relaxation or mindfulness, may help manage the discomfort associated with mucositis. Antiemetics are used to control nausea and vomiting, which are not directly related to mucositis. Antibiotics are only necessary if there is a secondary infection, which is not mentioned in this scenario.
This is the basis for calculation of infant dose in Clark's Rule :
- A. age ;
- B. weight ;
- C. height ;
- D. surface area ;
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In Clark's Rule, the basis for calculating the infant dose is weight. This is because weight is a crucial factor in determining the appropriate dosage for infants. Adjusting the dose based on weight helps in ensuring that the medication is administered safely and effectively. Infants have different proportions of body weight compared to older children and adults, which can influence how medications are metabolized in their bodies. Therefore, using weight as the basis for dosage calculation in Clark's Rule helps in providing a more accurate and individualized dose for infants.
A patient is receiving an IV infusion of a thrombolytic drug during treatment for an acute MI. The nurse notices that there is a slight amount of bleeding from the antecubital area where venous lab work was drawn. What will the nurse do first?
- A. Monitor the site for further bleeding.
- B. Apply pressure to the site with a gauze pa
- D. Slow the rate of infusion of the thrombolytic drug.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Applying pressure to the site with a gauze pad is the first action the nurse should take when noticing bleeding from the antecubital area. This will help control the bleeding and prevent further blood loss. Monitoring the site for further bleeding is important, but immediate intervention by applying pressure is necessary to address the issue. Slowing the rate of infusion of the thrombolytic drug or stopping the infusion should be considered if bleeding continues despite applying pressure or if there are signs of significant bleeding or hemorrhage.
A child was brought to the emergency room complaining of right upper quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Upon the interview of the nurse to the mother, the client has been taking a long-
- A. Which of the following medications should be readily available?
- B. naltrexone (ReVi
- C. urea (Ureaphil)
- D. acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation of right upper quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting in a child with a history of taking a long-acting formulation of valproic acid (Depakene) is concerning for valproic acid overdose. Valproic acid toxicity can lead to liver damage, which may present with symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. In cases of valproic acid overdose, acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is commonly used as a treatment to help prevent or reduce liver damage by replenishing glutathione stores and acting as a reactive oxygen species scavenger. Therefore, acetylcysteine should be readily available in this scenario to initiate prompt treatment and potentially prevent severe liver injury.