Nokea
Which of the following drugs is expected to cause anticholinergic adverse effects:
- A. Codeine
- B. Ciprofloxacin
- C. Amitriptyline
- D. Propranolol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amitriptyline. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant known for its anticholinergic properties, causing dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and urinary retention. Anticholinergic effects result from blocking the action of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system. Codeine (A) is an opioid, Ciprofloxacin (B) is an antibiotic, and Propranolol (D) is a beta-blocker, none of which are expected to cause significant anticholinergic effects.
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The patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is in the clinic to check his long-term glycemic control. Which test should be used?
- A. Water deprivation test
- B. Fasting blood glucose test
- C. Oral glucose tolerance test
- D. Glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The A1C test measures long-term glycemic control and is the most appropriate test for monitoring type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Calcium level in the blood is regulated by hormones released from the .
- A. testes
- B. adrenal medulla and pancreas
- C. parathyroid and thymus
- D. parathyroid and thyroid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because calcium regulation in the blood is primarily controlled by hormones released from the parathyroid and thyroid glands. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) released by the parathyroid glands increases blood calcium levels, while calcitonin released by the thyroid gland decreases blood calcium levels. The other choices are incorrect because the testes primarily produce hormones related to reproduction (not calcium regulation), the adrenal medulla and pancreas are not directly involved in calcium regulation, and the thymus is involved in immune function but not in calcium regulation.
A patient with hypothyroidism is treated with levothyroxine (Synthroid). What should the nurse include when teaching the patient about this therapy?
- A. Explain that alternate-day dosage may be used if side effects occur.
- B. Provide written instruction for all information related to the drug therapy.
- C. Assure the patient that a return to normal function will occur with replacement therapy.
- D. Inform the patient that the drug must be taken until the hormone balance is reestablished.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Providing written instructions helps ensure the patient understands the treatment plan, including correct dosage, administration, and any potential side effects.
Mr. M has just had a subtotal thyroidectomy. During the first 12 hours postoperatively, which of the following should be included in his nursing care?
- A. Instructing the patient to avoid moving the head
- B. Monitoring for signs of hemorrhage and shock
- C. Administering medications to reduce thyroid hormone levels
- D. Preparing the patient for thyroid replacement therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Postoperative care after a thyroidectomy focuses on monitoring for complications like hemorrhage, which can be life-threatening.
The islets of Langerhans:
- A. are cells found in the adenohypophysis.
- B. secrete insulin and glucagon.
- C. secrete steroids.
- D. secrete releasing hormones.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Islets of Langerhans are clusters of cells in the pancreas.
Step 2: These cells secrete insulin to lower blood sugar levels and glucagon to raise blood sugar levels.
Step 3: Therefore, choice B is correct as it accurately describes the function of the islets of Langerhans.
Summary: Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as islets of Langerhans are not found in the adenohypophysis, do not secrete steroids, and do not secrete releasing hormones.