Nokea
Which of the following drugs should be used only when clearly needed in pregnant and breastfeeding women?
- A. Memantine
- B. Pyridostigmine
- C. Galantamine
- D. Rivastigmine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pyridostigmine's safety in pregnancy/breastfeeding is less established, requiring caution.
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Which statement about clonidine is false
- A. Useful in the management of opiate withdrawal syndrome
- B. Claimed to have prophylactic value in migraine
- C. It is alpha-2 receptor stimulant
- D. It is safe on abrupt termination of treatment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Abrupt clonidine withdrawal can cause rebound hypertension.
Beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonists:
- A. Relieve bronchospasms
- B. Potentiates hypertensive
- C. Catecholamine inhibits the reception
- D. Have porasympathominetic action on bronchi
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Beta-2 adrenergic agonists, like salbutamol, relieve bronchospasms by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle, making them key in asthma and COPD management.
The nurse determines that a prescribed medication has not been administered as ordered on the previous shift. What action will the nurse take?
- A. Administer the medication immediately.
- B. Complete an incident report.
- C. Notify the nurse responsible for the error.
- D. Record the occurrence in the nurse's notes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An incident report is completed when a medication error occurs. Depending on the medication and frequency of administration, the medication may not be given immediately. It is not the nurse's responsibility to notify another nurse of the error. Medication errors are not recorded in the nurse's notes.
When comparing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) medications, which of the following holds true?
- A. Both have major issues with a dry, irritating cough
- B. Both contribute to some retention of potassium
- C. ARBs have a stronger impact on hypertension control than ACE medications
- D. ARBs have stronger diabetes mellitus renal protection properties than ACE medications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Both ACEIs and ARBs cause potassium retention due to reduced aldosterone.
Which of the following statements best defines how a chemical becomes a drug?
- A. A chemical must have a proven therapeutic value or efficacy without severe toxicity or damaging properties to become a drug.
- B. A chemical becomes a drug when it is introduced into the body to cause a change.
- C. A chemical is considered a drug when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves its release to be marketed.
- D. A chemical must have demonstrated therapeutic value to become a drug.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A chemical must undergo a series of tests to determine its therapeutic value and efficacy without severe toxicity or damaging properties before it is termed a drug. Test results are reported to the FDA, which may or may not give approval.