Nokea
Which of the following guidekines does not observe surgical asepisi in the operating room?
- A. sterile articles may touch other sterile articles or surface and remain sterile
- B. gowns of surgical team are considered sterile in front from the chest down to the bottom of the gown
- C. whenever a sterile barrier is breached, the area must be considered contaminated
- D. sterile drapes are used to create a sterile field
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This statement is incorrect and does not observe surgical asepsis in the operating room. In surgical asepsis, it is crucial that sterile articles do not touch other sterile articles or surfaces to prevent contamination. Any contact between sterile items or surfaces can lead to the transfer of microorganisms, compromising the sterility of the environment. Maintaining a sterile field is essential to prevent surgical site infections and ensure the safety of the patient undergoing the procedure.
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Immunization of children with Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine decreases the incidence of which of the following conditions?
- A. Bronchiolitis
- B. Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
- C. Epiglottitis
- D. Pneumonia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immunization of children with Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine decreases the incidence of severe infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B bacteria, including epiglottitis. Epiglottitis is a serious condition where the epiglottis, a flap of tissue that sits at the base of the tongue, becomes inflamed and can swell, potentially blocking the airway and leading to respiratory distress and even death. By vaccinating children against Hib, the risk of developing epiglottitis is significantly reduced. The Hib vaccine is a crucial component of childhood immunization programs to prevent life-threatening diseases caused by Hib bacteria, including epiglottitis.
A preschool child is scheduled for an echocardiogram. Parents ask the nurse whether they can hold the child during the procedure. The nurse should answer with which response?
- A. "You will be able to hold your child during the procedure."
- B. "Your child can be active during the procedure, but can't sit in your lap."
- C. "Your child must lie quietly; sometimes a mild sedative is administered before the procedure."
- D. "The procedure is invasive so your child will be restrained during the echocardiogram."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct response is that "You will be able to hold your child during the procedure." It is common for parents to be allowed to hold their child during an echocardiogram to provide comfort and reassurance. This can help the child stay calm and cooperative during the procedure. Holding the child can also create a familiar and secure environment, making it easier for the healthcare provider to perform the echocardiogram successfully.
A client with a nagging cough makes an appointment to see the physician after reading that this symptom is one of the seven warning signs of cancer. What is another warning sign of cancer?
- A. Persistent nausea
- B. Indigestion
- C. Rash
- D. Chronic ache or pain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic ache or pain is another warning sign of cancer. Persistent pain that does not go away and continues for weeks or months could be a symptom of cancer. It is important not to ignore persistent pain and to consult a healthcare provider if such pain exists, as it could be a sign of an underlying issue like cancer. Early detection and treatment are key in managing cancer and improving outcomes for patients.
recurrent urinary tract infection in children cause:
- A. arthritis
- B. recurrent rash
- C. growth disturbance
- D. behavioral disturbances
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children can potentially cause growth disturbance. UTIs in children can result in poor weight gain, failure to thrive, and reduced height due to the stress and inflammatory response on the body. Chronic inflammation from recurrent UTIs can affect a child's overall health and development, leading to growth disturbances. It is essential to promptly treat and prevent recurrent UTIs in children to avoid potential long-term complications such as growth disturbances. Arthritis, recurrent rash, and behavioral disturbances are not typically associated with recurrent UTIs in children.
The nurse is using calipers to measure skinfold thickness over the triceps muscle in a school- age child. What is the purpose of doing this?
- A. To measure body fat
- B. To measure muscle mass
- C. To determine arm circumference
- D. To determine accuracy of weight measurement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Skinfold thickness measurements using calipers are commonly used in assessing body composition, specifically to estimate body fat percentage. By measuring skinfold thickness over the triceps muscle in combination with measurements from other sites on the body, healthcare professionals can estimate the amount of subcutaneous fat present. This information is valuable in evaluating an individual's overall body composition and health status. The triceps skinfold measurement is a commonly included site in body fat calculations, especially in school-age children, where it can provide insights into growth and development.