Nokea
Which of the following hormones is released from the posterior pituitary gland?
- A. Antidiuretic hormone
- B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
- C. Parathyroid hormone
- D. Prolactin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released by the posterior pituitary and plays a key role in regulating water balance in the body.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following is not under the direct control of the pituitary gland?
- A. Adrenal cortical secretion of glucocorticoid
- B. Parathyroid secretion of PTH
- C. Thyroid gland secretion of T3 and T4
- D. Ovarian secretion of estrogen and progesterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The pituitary gland does not directly control the parathyroid gland secretion of PTH. The pituitary gland is responsible for secreting hormones that regulate other endocrine glands, such as adrenal cortex (A), thyroid gland (C), and ovaries (D). In contrast, the parathyroid gland is primarily regulated by the calcium levels in the blood, not directly by the pituitary gland. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are all glands whose secretions are directly controlled by the pituitary gland.
Through which opening does the food leave the stomach?
- A. The pyloric sphincter
- B. The ilea caecal valve
- C. The pelvic sphincter
- D. The pylorus sphincter
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The pyloric sphincter. This is because the pyloric sphincter is the muscular valve located at the lower end of the stomach that controls the flow of partially digested food (chyme) into the small intestine. It regulates the release of food from the stomach into the duodenum for further digestion and absorption.
Summary of incorrect choices:
B: The ilea caecal valve - This valve is located between the ileum (part of the small intestine) and the cecum (part of the large intestine), not the stomach.
C: The pelvic sphincter - This sphincter is associated with the rectum and anus, not the stomach.
D: The pylorus sphincter - Similar to the correct answer, but the correct term is pyloric sphincter.
Selective beta2 stimulants frequently cause:
- A. Skeletal muscle tremors
- B. Tolerance
- C. Tachycardia
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Selective beta2 stimulants typically cause skeletal muscle tremors due to their action on beta2 receptors in skeletal muscles. They can also lead to tolerance with prolonged use, requiring higher doses for the same effect. Additionally, they can cause tachycardia by stimulating beta2 receptors in the heart. Therefore, all of the above choices (A, B, and C) are correct.
Identify the glands that secrete these hormones: glucagon, PTH, and TSH.
- A. Neurohypophysis, pancreas, ovary
- B. Adrenal cortex, pancreas, neurohypophysis
- C. Pancreas, parathyroid, anterior pituitary
- D. Testes, thymus, adenohypophysis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (Pancreas, parathyroid, anterior pituitary) because glucagon is secreted by the pancreas, PTH (parathyroid hormone) is secreted by the parathyroid glands, and TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
Choice A (Neurohypophysis, pancreas, ovary) is incorrect because the neurohypophysis secretes oxytocin and ADH, not glucagon, PTH, or TSH. The ovary does not secrete any of these hormones.
Choice B (Adrenal cortex, pancreas, neurohypophysis) is incorrect because the adrenal cortex secretes cortisol and aldosterone, not glucagon, PTH, or TSH. The neurohypophysis secretes oxytocin and ADH, not the hormones in question.
Choice D (Testes, thymus, adenohypophysis
Identify functions of calcium within the body.
- A. Clotting
- B. Hardens bone
- C. Nerve conduction and muscle contraction
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because calcium plays essential roles in clotting, bone health, nerve conduction, and muscle contraction. Calcium is crucial for the coagulation cascade in clotting, is a key component of bone mineralization, is required for neurotransmitter release in nerve conduction, and is involved in muscle contraction by regulating the interactions between actin and myosin. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect individually because they only represent some of the functions of calcium, whereas choice D encompasses all the vital functions of calcium in the body.