Nokea
Which of the following instructions should the nurse give a client about his active tuberculosis (TB)?
- A. "It's okay to miss a dose every day or two."
- B. "If side effects occur, stop taking the medication."
- C. "Only take the medication until you feel better."
- D. "You must comply with the medication regimen to treat TB."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because adherence to the medication regimen is crucial in treating active TB to prevent drug resistance and ensure successful treatment. Missing doses can lead to treatment failure and the spread of TB. Option A is incorrect because missing doses compromises treatment effectiveness. Option B is incorrect as stopping medication due to side effects can also result in treatment failure. Option C is incorrect because TB treatment must be completed as prescribed, regardless of symptom improvement.
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The nurse assesses the client using the device pictured below to deliver 50% O2: The nurse finds that the mask fits snugly the skin under the mask and straps is intact and the flow rate of the oxygen is 3 L/min. What action by the nurse is best?
- A. Assess the client's oxygen saturation.
- B. Document these findings in the chart.
- C. Immediately increase the flow rate.
- D. Turn the flow rate down to 2 L/min.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Immediately increase the flow rate. A flow rate of 3 L/min is inadequate to deliver 50% O2 through a mask. Increasing the flow rate will ensure the client receives the prescribed oxygen concentration.
Incorrect choices:
A: Assess the client's oxygen saturation - This is not the priority as the oxygen delivery is suboptimal.
B: Document these findings in the chart - Documentation is important but addressing the oxygen delivery issue is more critical.
D: Turn the flow rate down to 2 L/min - This would further reduce the oxygen concentration, which is not appropriate in this case.
Although carbon dioxide is normally carried by hemoglobin, the fact that carbon monoxide reduces hemoglobin's oxygen-carrying capacity would indicate that
- A. different hemoglobins carry different gases.
- B. carbon monoxide competes with oxygen for the same binding sites on hemoglobin.
- C. binding of different gases is directed by a variety of enzymes.
- D. carbon dioxide is an abnormal gas.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because carbon monoxide competes with oxygen for the same binding sites on hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. This is known as competitive inhibition. Other choices are incorrect because different hemoglobins do not carry different gases (A), binding of gases is not directed by enzymes in this context (C), and carbon dioxide is a normal gas in the body (D).
The atmospheric pressure at sea level is
- A. 1,000mm Hg.
- B. 760mm Hg.
- C. 540mm Hg.
- D. 400mm Hg.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The atmospheric pressure at sea level is typically around 760mm Hg, which is equivalent to 101.3 kilopascals. This is the standard atmospheric pressure used in various scientific calculations. This value represents the pressure exerted by the weight of air above a given area at sea level. Choice B is correct because it accurately reflects the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not match the accepted value for atmospheric pressure at sea level.
All of the following provide chemoreceptor input to the respiratory centers of the medulla oblongata except the
- A. olfactory epithelium
- B. medullary chemoreceptors
- C. aortic body
- D. carotid body
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: olfactory epithelium. The olfactory epithelium is responsible for detecting smells, not providing chemoreceptor input to the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata. Medullary chemoreceptors, aortic body, and carotid body are all involved in sensing oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels in the blood, providing crucial input to regulate breathing. The olfactory epithelium is not directly involved in respiratory regulation, making it the exception in this context.
A patient who has successfully been treated for a pulmonary embolism is about to be discharged. How can he lower the risk of experiencing another pulmonary embolism?
- A. Avoid sitting and standing for too long and do not cross legs.
- B. Take vitamin K with heparin.
- C. Avoid confined spaces.
- D. Jog 5 miles each day.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Avoiding prolonged immobility and crossing legs reduces the risk of venous thrombosis. B is incorrect because vitamin K antagonizes heparin. C (avoiding confined spaces) is unrelated. D (jogging) is beneficial but not directly preventive.