Nokea
Which of the following investigations cannot be performed easily at General Physician clinic for assessment of NAFLD patients?
- A. BMI
- B. Waist-Hip ratio
- C. MR Elastography
- D. Fasting lipid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NAFLD BMI, waist, lipids, glucose snap in clinic; MR elastography's fancy scan turf. Nurses stick to this chronic basics kit.
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Melatonin is a hormone that is involved in the regulation of the circadian rhythm. Features of melatonin include:
- A. It circulates in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood.
- B. It has a plasma elimination half-life of 4 h.
- C. It is derived from tryptophan.
- D. It activates the pituitary adenylate cyclase mechanism of circadian wakefulness.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Melatonin, produced by the pineal gland, regulates sleep-wake cycles. It circulates in blood and cerebrospinal fluid, crossing the blood-brain barrier to signal darkness via the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Its half-life is short, about 30-60 minutes, not 4 hours, enabling rapid response to light cues. Synthesized from tryptophan via serotonin, it's a biochemical derivative responsive to environmental triggers. It acts on melatonin receptors (MT1, MT2) in the SCN, suppressing wakefulness-promoting adenylate cyclase, not activating pituitary mechanisms for wakefulness that's a misattribution. Its role dampens alertness, promoting sleep. Circulation in bodily fluids ensures systemic distribution, aligning circadian rhythms with night, making it foundational to sleep physiology and fatigue management.
What is the average life expectancy in Canada?
- A. 60 years
- B. 70 years
- C. 80 years
- D. 90 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Canada's life clock hits 80 78.5 for men, 82.7 for women in 2010 a longevity nurses bank on for chronic care spans. Lower guesses lag history; 90's a stretch. It shapes health goals, a timeline framing illness fights.
The nurse is caring for a patient with colon cancer who is scheduled for external radiation therapy to the abdomen. Which information obtained by the nurse would indicate a need for patient teaching?
- A. The patient has a history of dental caries.
- B. The patient swims several days each week.
- C. The patient snacks frequently during the day.
- D. The patient showers each day with mild soap.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abdominal radiation fries skin swimming in chlorinated or salt water during treatment risks irritation or infection in that tender zone. Dental caries don't tie in. Snacking might help nutrition, not hurt. Mild soap showers are fine. Nurses in oncology flag this no swimming' protects radiated skin, a teaching must to dodge complications.
The following are common abnormal laboratory markers in patients with NAFLD except:
- A. Elevated uric acid
- B. Elevated triglycerides
- C. Elevated hct
- D. Elevated GGT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NAFLD's lab quirks high triglycerides, GGT, glucose tie to fat and insulin woes; uric acid tags along in gouty pals. Elevated hematocrit? Not here, more polycythemia's game. Clinicians spot this odd-out, focusing chronic liver's true markers.
Upon percussion of the midclavicular line from cranial to caudal, you can locate the absolute and relative lung-liver borders. Question: What produces the sound you hear between these two borders?
- A. It is caused by lung tissue
- B. It is caused by liver tissue
- C. It is caused by colon tissue
- D. It is caused by the overlap of lung tissue and liver tissue
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lung-liver edge overlap dulls the tap, not pure lung, liver, or colon. Nurses hear this, a chronic border beat.