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Which of the following is a basic assumption of public health efforts?
- A. Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong.
- B. Health care is the most important priority in government planning and funding.
- C. The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community.
- D. The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of Americans.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community. This assumption is fundamental in public health efforts because it emphasizes the interconnectedness of individual and community health. Public health focuses on improving overall community well-being by addressing factors that influence health outcomes for individuals. This approach recognizes that individual health is influenced by social, environmental, and economic factors, and that community-level interventions are crucial for promoting health and preventing disease.
Incorrect answers:
A: Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong. While addressing health disparities is important in public health, it is not a basic assumption.
B: Health care is the most important priority in government planning and funding. This choice prioritizes healthcare over public health efforts, which focus on prevention and community health.
D: The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of Americans. This choice is too narrow and does not capture the holistic approach of public health in promoting overall well-being.
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Two nurses plan to walk under a huge downtown bridge where various homeless persons live. Why
- A. Introduction of a heart-healthy curriculum beginning in the first grade, presentations on diet and
- B. Provision of online activities related to prevention of cardiac disease, smoking reduction programs,
- C. Distribution of handouts, including age-appropriate games, self-assessments, and education on heart-
- D. Enrollment of clients with CAD into cardiac rehabilitation programs, routine evaluation of
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because introducing a heart-healthy curriculum in first grade lays a strong foundation for promoting heart health early on. By educating children about diet and exercise at a young age, it instills healthy habits that can prevent cardiac disease in the future. Choice B focuses on online activities and smoking reduction programs, which may not have as significant an impact as starting heart-healthy education at a young age. Choice C mentions handouts and games, which may not be as effective as a structured curriculum. Choice D focuses on enrolling clients with CAD into rehabilitation programs, which is more reactive than proactive in preventing cardiac diseases.
Which of the following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the twentieth
- A. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research
- B. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures
- C. Sanitation and other public health activities
- D. Use of antibiotics to fight infections
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sanitation and other public health activities. Sanitation measures such as clean water supply, waste disposal, and public health initiatives like vaccination programs have played a crucial role in the increase in life expectancy. Improvements in sanitation reduce the spread of diseases, leading to a significant decline in mortality rates. This is supported by historical data showing that countries with better sanitation systems have higher life expectancies. Technology advances in medical laboratory research (A) may have contributed to specific treatments, but overall sanitation has a broader impact on population health. Advances in surgical techniques (B) and the use of antibiotics (D) have been important in treating illnesses but do not have the same population-level impact as sanitation.
When talking to a womens group at the senior citizens center, the nurse reminded them that the
- A. Ensure that the women did not expect the nurse to solve their problem
- B. Demonstrate that the nurse understood the womens concerns and needs
- C. Express empathy, support, and concern
- D. Help the women engage in political action
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the nurse is setting appropriate boundaries by reminding the women not to expect her to solve their problems. This empowers the women to take control of their own situations and seek appropriate resources. Option B is incorrect as it focuses on the nurse's understanding rather than empowering the women. Option C is incorrect because while empathy is important, it does not address the issue of setting boundaries. Option D is incorrect as it introduces a new concept of political action which is not relevant to the situation.
Which of the following statements about race is true?
- A. In the United States, children of biracial parents are usually assigned the race of the father.
- B. Ethnicity and race are synonymous terms.
- C. Individuals may be of the same race but of different cultures.
- D. No social significance is usually placed on rac
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because individuals may indeed belong to the same race but have different cultures. Race refers to physical characteristics shared by a group, while culture encompasses beliefs, customs, and behaviors. For example, two individuals can both be of Asian descent (same race) but have different cultural backgrounds such as Chinese and Japanese. This statement highlights the distinction between race and culture.
Choice A is incorrect as the assignment of race to biracial children varies. Choice B is incorrect as ethnicity and race are distinct concepts - ethnicity relates to cultural factors like nationality and language. Choice D is incorrect as race carries social implications like discrimination.
What action by a nurse demonstrates cultural humility in client-centered care?
- A. Using complex medical terminology to show expertise
- B. Assuming that the nurse's cultural practices are universally applicable
- C. Adapting care practices to align with the client's cultural preferences
- D. Disregarding the client's input and family's opinions in decision making
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because cultural humility in client-centered care involves acknowledging and respecting the client's cultural background and preferences. By adapting care practices to align with the client's cultural preferences, the nurse demonstrates an understanding and appreciation for the client's unique needs and values. This approach fosters trust, communication, and promotes better health outcomes.
Incorrect choices:
A: Using complex medical terminology may alienate the client and hinder effective communication.
B: Assuming universality of cultural practices can lead to misunderstandings and may not meet the client's individual needs.
D: Disregarding client and family input goes against client-centered care principles and can result in suboptimal outcomes.