Nokea
Which of the following is a characteristic of Primary Health Care?
- A. Focuses on specialized care
- B. Emphasizes community participation
- C. Relies solely on hospital-based services
- D. Ignores preventive measures
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Emphasizes community participation. Primary Health Care is a holistic approach that focuses on involving the community in decision-making and care delivery. This empowers individuals and communities to take charge of their health. Choice A is incorrect as Primary Health Care prioritizes comprehensive and generalist care over specialized care. Choice C is incorrect as Primary Health Care aims to provide care at the grassroots level, not solely relying on hospital-based services. Choice D is incorrect as Primary Health Care places a strong emphasis on preventive measures to promote overall health and well-being.
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What is the goal of the Safe Motherhood Initiative?
- A. To reduce child mortality
- B. To improve maternal health
- C. To provide free medical services
- D. To promote exclusive breastfeeding
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The goal of the Safe Motherhood Initiative is to improve maternal health. This includes reducing maternal mortality rates and ensuring safe childbirth practices. Providing free medical services (choice C) and promoting exclusive breastfeeding (choice D) are important aspects, but not the primary goal. Choice A is focused on child mortality, not maternal health. Thus, the correct answer is B as it directly aligns with the main objective of the initiative.
What is the primary aim of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
- A. To eliminate non-communicable diseases
- B. To increase hospital bed capacity
- C. To provide immunizations to all children
- D. To train more healthcare workers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To provide immunizations to all children. The primary aim of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is to ensure that all children receive essential vaccinations to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases. This program focuses on increasing vaccination coverage and reaching all children, especially those in underserved populations. Providing immunizations to all children helps in reducing the spread of infectious diseases and contributes to overall public health.
Incorrect choices:
A: To eliminate non-communicable diseases - This is not the primary aim of EPI. EPI primarily focuses on preventing communicable diseases through vaccinations.
B: To increase hospital bed capacity - This is not the primary goal of EPI. Increasing hospital bed capacity is related to healthcare infrastructure, not vaccination programs.
D: To train more healthcare workers - While training healthcare workers is important for delivering immunizations, it is not the primary aim of EPI. The main goal is to provide vaccinations to all children.
What is the primary benefit of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life?
- A. Prevents childhood obesity
- B. Ensures complete nutrition for the infant
- C. Increases the risk of allergies
- D. Delays cognitive development
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months provides complete nutrition for the infant, meeting all their dietary needs. Breast milk contains essential nutrients and antibodies that support healthy growth and development. It also helps to strengthen the baby's immune system and reduce the risk of infections. Ensuring complete nutrition through breastfeeding is crucial for optimal health outcomes in the early stages of life. Preventing childhood obesity, increasing the risk of allergies, and delaying cognitive development are not directly linked to exclusive breastfeeding and are therefore incorrect choices.
Which of the following is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases?
- A. Low cholesterol levels
- B. Physical inactivity
- C. Low blood pressure
- D. Adequate sleep
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Physical inactivity. Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases because regular exercise helps maintain a healthy heart and blood vessels. It reduces the risk of developing conditions like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and obesity, which are all linked to cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, choices A, C, and D are not major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Low cholesterol levels (A) are usually considered beneficial for heart health, low blood pressure (C) is generally a sign of good cardiovascular health, and while adequate sleep (D) is important for overall well-being, it is not directly linked to cardiovascular diseases.
Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for breastfeeding?
- A. Maternal HIV infection
- B. Maternal diabetes
- C. Maternal anemia
- D. Maternal hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Maternal HIV infection. Breastfeeding is contraindicated in mothers with HIV due to the risk of transmission to the infant through breast milk. HIV can be transmitted through breast milk even if the mother is on antiretroviral therapy. Maternal diabetes, anemia, and hypertension are not contraindications for breastfeeding as long as they are well managed. Breastfeeding is actually beneficial in managing diabetes and anemia. Hypertensive mothers can breastfeed unless there are complications that require specific medications that may be unsafe for the infant.