Nokea
Which of the following is a common characteristic of a high reliability organization (HRO)?
- A. Flexibility
- B. Reluctance to simplify
- C. Preoccupation with failure
- D. Deference to expertise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Preoccupation with failure. High reliability organizations (HROs) prioritize identifying and addressing potential failures to prevent catastrophic events. This focus on failure helps them anticipate, detect, and respond to risks effectively. A: Flexibility may be important but not a defining characteristic of HROs. B: Reluctance to simplify is not a common characteristic as HROs value simplicity and clarity in communication. D: Deference to expertise is beneficial but not exclusive to HROs as many organizations value expertise. Therefore, the preoccupation with failure is the key characteristic of a high reliability organization.
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After change-of-shift report, which patient should the nurse assess first?
- A. 19-year-old with type 1 diabetes who was admitted with possible dawn phenomenon
- B. 35-year-old with type 1 diabetes whose most recent blood glucose reading was 230 mg/dL
- C. 60-year-old with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome who has poor skin turgor and dry oral mucosa
- D. 68-year-old with type 2 diabetes who has severe peripheral neuropathy and complains of burning foot pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome showing signs of poor skin turgor and dry oral mucosa is at risk for severe dehydration and potential complications. Assessing this patient first is crucial to address their immediate needs.
Choice A is incorrect as the 19-year-old with possible dawn phenomenon can be assessed after the patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome who is at higher risk.
Choice B is incorrect as a blood glucose reading of 230 mg/dL in a 35-year-old with type 1 diabetes is high but not indicative of an immediate life-threatening situation compared to severe dehydration.
Choice D is incorrect as the 68-year-old with peripheral neuropathy and foot pain, while in discomfort, does not present an immediate threat to their life like severe dehydration does in a patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome.
Which statement to a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is correct?
- A. Complications of type 2 diabetes are less serious than those of type 1 diabetes.
- B. Insulin is not used to control blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes.
- C. Changes in diet and exercise may control blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.
- D. Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed when the patient is admitted with a hyperglycemic coma.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: In type 2 diabetes, the body either becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin.
Step 2: Diet and exercise can help improve insulin sensitivity and control blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.
Step 3: Medications may also be prescribed if diet and exercise alone are not effective.
Step 4: Insulin therapy may be necessary in some cases but is not the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Step 5: Complications of type 2 diabetes can be serious and include cardiovascular issues, neuropathy, and kidney disease.
Step 6: Type 2 diabetes is typically diagnosed through blood tests, not by admission with a hyperglycemic coma.
Summary:
Choice A is incorrect because complications can be severe in type 2 diabetes. Choice B is incorrect as insulin may be used in some cases. Choice D is incorrect as type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed through blood tests. Choice C is correct as diet and exercise play a
A nurse is caring for a client after knee replacement surgery. The nurse discovers that the consent was not signed before the surgery. Which of the following charges could be filed?
- A. False imprisonment
- B. Libel
- C. Battery
- D. Malpractice
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Battery. In this scenario, performing surgery without obtaining consent constitutes battery, which is the intentional touching of another person without consent. It is a violation of the client's right to autonomy and self-determination. False imprisonment (A) involves restraining someone without justification. Libel (B) is a written defamation of character, and malpractice (D) refers to professional negligence in providing healthcare services. Battery is the most appropriate charge in this situation as it directly addresses the lack of consent for the surgery.
In the traditional rating scale, what is the time period typically used for evaluation?
- A. Twelve months
- B. Six months
- C. Three months
- D. One month
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Twelve months. In traditional rating scales, evaluations are typically conducted over a period of twelve months to allow for a comprehensive assessment of an individual's performance over an extended period. This timeframe allows for a more accurate reflection of the individual's overall performance, taking into account various factors and performance trends throughout the year.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
- B: Six months: Six months is a relatively shorter timeframe compared to the traditional annual evaluation period. It may not provide a comprehensive view of the individual's performance over a longer period.
- C: Three months: Three months is too short of a timeframe to evaluate performance comprehensively. It may not capture long-term performance trends and variations.
- D: One month: One month is too brief to assess performance effectively. It may not account for fluctuations in performance or provide a holistic view of the individual's capabilities over time.
As a new graduate employed in a high-volume maternity unit that uses differentiated practice as its staffing model, what can the nurse expect?
- A. Evidence-based practice guides risk management principles.
- B. Client teaching is the responsibility of the team leader.
- C. The initial level of practice responsibility will be limited.
- D. Seniority is the main determinant of client assignments.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because in a high-volume maternity unit that uses differentiated practice, new graduates can expect their initial level of practice responsibility to be limited. This is because differentiated practice involves assigning tasks based on the individual nurse's skills and experience level. New graduates are typically assigned less complex tasks initially to ensure patient safety.
Choice A is incorrect because evidence-based practice and risk management principles are not directly related to the staffing model being used.
Choice B is incorrect because client teaching is typically a shared responsibility among all team members, not solely the team leader.
Choice D is incorrect because in differentiated practice, client assignments are based on individual skills and competencies, not seniority.