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Which of the following is a component of the integumentary system that secretes pheromones?

  • A. Apocrine glands
  • B. Seminiferous tubules
  • C. Dermal papilla
  • D. Fossa ovalis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Apocrine glands (Choice A). Apocrine glands are a component of the integumentary system that secretes pheromones. These glands are responsible for producing a type of sweat that contains pheromones, which are chemical signals used for communication between individuals of the same species. Seminiferous tubules (Choice B) are part of the male reproductive system, responsible for producing sperm. Dermal papilla (Choice C) is involved in hair growth and nourishment. Fossa ovalis (Choice D) is a depression in the interatrial septum of the heart. Therefore, the correct choice related to the integumentary system and pheromone secretion is Apocrine glands.

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A patient goes to the doctor with a cold and sore throat and asks for antibiotics. The doctor refuses to prescribe antibiotics because the illness is caused by which of the following pathogens?

  • A. Protist
  • B. Fungus
  • C. Virus
  • D. Bacteria
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Virus. Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections, such as colds and sore throats caused by viruses. They are only effective against bacterial infections. In this case, the doctor refuses to prescribe antibiotics because the patient's illness is viral, not bacterial. It is important to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections to ensure appropriate treatment and avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics, which can contribute to antibiotic resistance.

In pea plants, green pod color (G)is dominant to yellow pod color (g). A cross was done between a plant with green pods and plant with yellow pods. Of the resulting offspring. 50% had green pods and 50% had yellow pods. Which of the following we the genotypes of both present plants?

  • A. GG X GG
  • B. Gg × gg
  • C. Gg × gg
  • D. Gg × Gg
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The 50% green and 50% yellow offspring suggests that one parent was heterozygous (Gg) and the other was homozygous recessive (gg), leading to a 1:1 ratio of green to yellow.

What is the term given to the sequence of nucleotides that contains the information to make a specific protein molecule?

  • A. Gene
  • B. Locus
  • C. Promoter
  • D. Operator
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Gene. A gene is the term used to describe the sequence of nucleotides that contains the information necessary to synthesize a specific protein molecule. Genes act as the fundamental units of heredity and provide the instructions for building proteins, which play crucial roles in various biological processes within an organism. In contrast, a locus refers to the specific position or location of a gene on a chromosome. Promoter is a regulatory region of DNA that initiates the transcription process for a particular gene, while an operator is a DNA segment that interacts with a repressor protein to modulate the expression of neighboring genes.

Which class of biological molecules includes enzymes?

  • A. Carbohydrates
  • B. Vitamins
  • C. Lipids
  • D. Proteins
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Enzymes are proteins that serve as biological catalysts, accelerating chemical reactions in living organisms. Proteins, a class of biological molecules crucial for the structure and function of cells, tissues, and organs, include enzymes. While carbohydrates, vitamins, and lipids are essential biomolecules, they do not encompass enzymes. Therefore, the correct answer is Proteins (Choice D).

Lithium has an atomic number of 3 and a mass number of 7. What is the number of protons in a lithium atom?

  • A. 7
  • B. 4
  • C. 12
  • D. 3
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The number of protons in an atom is equal to its atomic number. In this case, lithium has an atomic number of 3, so it contains 3 protons. The mass number (7) includes both protons and neutrons, with the difference between the mass number and atomic number representing the number of neutrons. Therefore, the correct answer is 3 protons in a lithium atom.

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