Nokea
Which of the following is a form of child abuse that is known to cause intellectual disability?
- A. Shaken baby syndrome
- B. Abused child syndrome
- C. Battered baby syndrome
- D. Damaged infant syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Shaken Baby Syndrome: A form of child abuse causing intellectual disability through traumatic brain injury from violent shaking.
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Which information would be important to incorporate when teaching about medications for dementia in a caregiver's support group? Select all that apply.
- A. Antipsychotic medications have been shown to be the most useful category of drugs in reducing behavioral problems in dementias.
- B. Most currently available medications slow the progress of the disease in 20% to 50% of patients but usually do not significantly improve functioning.
- C. None of the currently available medications for dementias provide a cure.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it accurately conveys important information about medications for dementia to caregivers. It emphasizes that most medications do not significantly improve functioning but may slow disease progression in a subset of patients. This is crucial for setting realistic expectations.
Choice A is incorrect because antipsychotic medications are not the most useful category of drugs for reducing behavioral problems in dementia; they are associated with serious side effects and should be used cautiously.
Choice C is incorrect because it is essential for caregivers to understand that medications do not cure dementia; managing symptoms and slowing progression are the primary goals.
Choice D is incorrect as the correct answer is B, which provides valuable information for caregivers to understand the limitations and benefits of medications for dementia.
Which of the following assessments is most appropriate for a patient with anorexia nervosa?
- A. Monitor fluid intake exclusively.
- B. Check weight daily without discussing it with the patient.
- C. Observe the patient's response to meals, including food refusal or purging behavior.
- D. Monitor for signs of vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because observing the patient's response to meals, including food refusal or purging behavior, is crucial in assessing the patient's eating habits and behaviors associated with anorexia nervosa. This assessment helps in understanding the patient's relationship with food and identifying any disordered eating patterns. Monitoring fluid intake exclusively (Choice A) is not sufficient as it overlooks the broader aspects of the patient's eating behaviors. Checking weight daily without discussing it with the patient (Choice B) can be triggering and may not provide a comprehensive understanding of the patient's eating disorder. Monitoring for signs of vitamin and mineral deficiencies (Choice D) is important but does not directly address the specific behaviors associated with anorexia nervosa.
The nursing diagnosis most likely to be used for a person who has a diagnosis of schizophrenia, paranoid type, is:
- A. social isolation related to impaired ability to trust.
- B. impaired mobility related to fear of losing control of hostile impulses.
- C. fear of being alone related to lack of confidence in significant others.
- D. impaired memory related to poor information processing associated with brain deficits.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice A:
1. Schizophrenia, paranoid type, involves mistrust and suspicion.
2. Impaired ability to trust can lead to social isolation.
3. "Impaired ability to trust" directly relates to social isolation.
4. Therefore, "social isolation related to impaired ability to trust" is the most likely nursing diagnosis.
Summary of other choices:
- B: Not directly related to mistrust in paranoid schizophrenia.
- C: Lack of confidence in significant others is not a defining characteristic of paranoid schizophrenia.
- D: Impaired memory is not a primary feature of paranoid schizophrenia.
An acutely psychotic individual diagnosed with schizophreniaform disorder at admission is immediately placed on daily doses of risperidone. A hospitalization of 8 days' duration has been authorized by the HMO. By what hospital day would the nurse expect to note that client was demonstrating beginning trust in the nurse and reduction in hallucinations and delusions?
- A. Day of admission
- B. Day 3 of hospitalization
- C. Day 5 of hospitalization
- D. Day 7 of hospitalization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Day 3 of hospitalization. At this point, the risperidone medication would have had sufficient time to begin exerting its therapeutic effects on the individual's symptoms of hallucinations and delusions. It typically takes a few days for antipsychotic medications like risperidone to reach therapeutic levels in the body and start alleviating psychotic symptoms. By day 3, the individual may start to demonstrate improved trust in the nurse due to the reduction in distressing symptoms.
Incorrect options:
A: Day of admission - It is unlikely to see significant improvement in symptoms and trust on the same day of admission.
C: Day 5 of hospitalization - By this time, the medication would have likely already started showing some effects, and the individual would have had some time to build trust with the nurse.
D: Day 7 of hospitalization - Waiting until day 7 might be too late to note beginning trust and significant reduction in symptoms, as the
A 19-year-old woman, prescribed a triphasic oral contraceptive for the first time one month ago, complains of frequent spotting. Which one of the following is the most appropriate management?
- A. Increase the dose of oestrogen.
- B. Increase the dose of progestogen.
- C. Advise alternative contraception.
- D. Continue the medication and review in two months.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spotting is common in the first few months of oral contraceptives as the body adjusts. Continuing the medication and reviewing later (D) is standard, rather than immediate dose changes (A, B), switching methods (C, E) without trial.